his father, and he had struck him with his sword and killed him. This story became well-known among the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, and it was not denied, so it became a consensus. 'Umar said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) saying: "The killer has nothing." Narrated by Malik in his Muwatta and Imam Ahmad in his Musnad. 'Amr ibn Shu'ayb narrated from his father from his grandfather from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) the like of it. Narrated by Ibn al-Labban in his Musnad, and Ibn 'Abd al-Barr narrated both of them in his book. Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with both of them, narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Whoever kills a person, he does not inherit from him, even if he has no other heir but him, and even if he were his parent or child, for there is no inheritance for a killer." Narrated by Imam Ahmad in his Musnad. Furthermore, permitting a killer to inherit leads to the multiplication of killings, because the heir might hasten the death of the one he inherits from in order to take his wealth, just as the Israelite did who killed his paternal uncle, concerning whom Allah the Exalted revealed the story of the Cow (Al-Baqarah). It is said: No killer has been made to inherit after 'Amil, which is the name of the killed person.
As for killing by mistake, many scholars held that he also does not inherit. Ahmad asserted this. This is narrated from 'Umar, 'Ali, Zayd, 'Abd Allah ibn Mas'ud, and 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abbas. Something similar is narrated from Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with them. This is the view of Shurayh, 'Urwa, Tawus, Jabir ibn Zayd, al-Nakha'i, al-Sha'bi, al-Thawri, Sharik, al-Hasan ibn Salih, Waki', al-Shafi'i, Yahya ibn Adam, and the People of Opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y). A group held that he inherits from the wealth but not from the blood money (diyah). This is narrated from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab, 'Amr ibn Shu'ayb, 'Ata', al-Hasan, Mujahid, al-Zuhri, Makhul, al-Awza'i, Ibn Abi Dhi'b, Abu Thawr, Ibn al-Mundhir, and Dawud. Something similar is narrated from 'Ali, because his inheritance is established by the Book and the Sunnah.
(2) Narrated by Imam Malik in: The Chapter on what has come regarding the inheritance of 'Aql (blood money) and its severity, from the Book of 'Uqul. Al-Muwatta 2/867. And by Imam Ahmad in: Al-Musnad 1/49. It was also narrated by Abu Dawud in: The Chapter on the blood money of limbs, from the Book of Diyat. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/496. And by Ibn Majah in: The Chapter of the killer does not inherit, from the Book of Diyat. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/884. (3) Narrated by al-Bayhaqi in: The Chapter that the killer does not inherit, from the Book of Fara'id. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 6/220. It is not in the Musnad of Imam Ahmad. See: Irwa' al-Ghalil 6/118, 119. (4) In manuscript M: "Wa qila" (And it was said).
أبيه، وكان حَذَفَه بسيْفِه فقَتَلَه. واشتَهرتْ هذه القصّةُ بَيْنَ الصّحابةِ رضى اللَّه عنهم، فلم تُنْكَرْ، فكانتْ إجماعًا، وقال عمرُ: سمعتُ رسولَ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، يقول: "لَيْسَ لِلْقَاتِلِ شَىْءٌ" رواه مالِكٌ فى مُوَطَّئِه، والإمامُ أحمدُ بإسنْادِه (٢). ورَوى عمرو بنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- نحوَه. رواه ابنُ اللَّبَّانِ بإسنادِه، ورواهما ابنُ عبدِ الْبَرِّ فى "كتابِه". ورَوَى ابنُ عبّاسٍ رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنهما، قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا فَإنَّهُ لَا يَرِثُهُ، وإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَارِثٌ غَيْره، وإِنْ كَانَ والِدَهُ أوْ وَلَدَهُ، فَلَيْسَ لِقَاتِلٍ مِيرَاثٌ". روَاه الإِمامُ أحمدُ بإسنادِه (٣)، ولأنَّ تَوْريثَ القاتِلِ يُفْضِى إلى تكْثيرِ القَتْلِ؛ لأنَّ الوارِثَ رُبَّما استَعْجَلَ مَوْتَ مَوْرُوثِه، ليأخُذَ ماله، كما فعلَ الإسْرائيلىُّ الذى قَتَلَ عَمَّه، فأنْزلَ اللَّه تعالى فيه قصّةَ البقرةِ. ويُقال (٤): ما وُرِّثَ قاتلٌ بَعْدَ عاميلَ، وهو اسمُ القَتيلِ. فأمَّا القَتْلُ خَطَأً، فذهب كثيرٌ من أهْلِ العِلْمِ إلى أنّه لا يَرِثُ أيضًا. نَصَّ عليه أحمدُ. ويُرْوَى ذلك عن عمرَ، وعلىٍّ، وزيد، وعبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسْعودٍ، وعبدِ اللَّه بنِ عَبّاسٍ، ورُوِىَ نَحْوُه عن أبى بكرٍ، رَضِىَ اللَّه عنهم. وبه قال شُرَيْحٌ، وعُرْوَةُ، وطاوسٌ، وجابرُ بنُ زيد، والنَّخَعِىُّ، والشَّعْبىُّ، والثَّوْرِىُّ، وشَرِيكٌ، والحَسَنُ بنُ صَالحٍ، ووَكيعٌ، والشَّافِعىُّ، ويحيى بنُ آدمَ، وأصْحابُ الرَّأى. وورَّثَه قومٌ من المالِ دون الدِّيَةِ. ورُوِىَ ذلك عن سعيد بن المُسيَّبِ، وعمرو بنِ شُعَيْبٍ، وعَطاءٍ، والحسَنِ، ومُجاهدٍ، والزُّهْرِىِّ، ومَكْحولٍ، والأَوْزاعىِّ، وابنِ أبى ذِئْبٍ، وأبى ثَوْرٍ، وابنِ المُنْذِرِ، وداودَ. ورُوِىَ نحوُه عن علىٍّ؛ لأنَّ ميراثَه ثابتٌ بالكِتابِ والسُّنَّةِ،
(٢) أخرجه الإمام مالك، فى: باب ما جاء فى ميراث العقل والتغليظ فيه، من كتاب العقول. الموطأ ٢/ ٨٦٧. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ١/ ٤٩.كما أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب ديات الأعضاء، من كتاب الديات. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ٤٩٦. وابن ماجه، فى: باب القاتل لا يرث، من كتاب الديات. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٨٨٤.(٣) أخرجه البيهقى، فى: باب لا يرث القاتل، من كتاب الفرائض. السنن الكبرى ٦/ ٢٢٠. وليس فى مسند الإمام أحمد. وانظر: إرواء الغليل ٦/ ١١٨، ١١٩.(٤) فى م: "وقيل".
