disagreement that the Muslim does not inherit from the disbeliever. It was narrated that Yahya ibn Ya'mur argued for his opinion by saying: Abu al-Aswad narrated to me that Mu'adh narrated to him that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: "Islam increases and does not decrease." And because we marry their women, while they do not marry our women, so too we inherit from them, while they do not inherit from us. Our evidence is what Usama ibn Zayd narrated from the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), that he said: "The disbeliever does not inherit from the Muslim, nor does the Muslim inherit from the disbeliever." This is agreed upon. Abu Dawud also narrated with his chain of transmission from Amr ibn Shu'ayb, from his father, from his grandfather Abd Allah ibn Amr, who said: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: "People of two different religions do not inherit from one another." And because the legal tie (wilaya) is severed between the Muslim and the disbeliever, he does not inherit from him, just as the disbeliever does not inherit from the Muslim. As for their hadith, it is possible he meant that Islam increases by those who embrace it and by the lands conquered for the people of Islam, and it does not decrease by those who apostatize due to the scarcity of those who apostatize and the abundance of those who embrace Islam. Furthermore, their hadith is general while our hadith is explanatory, and their hadith is not agreed upon in terms of authenticity, whereas our hadith is agreed upon, thus its prioritization is determined. The authentic report from Umar is that he said: "We do not inherit from the people of other religions, nor do they inherit from us." He also said regarding the paternal aunt of al-Ash'ath: "The people of her religion shall inherit from her." As for the freed slave (mu'taq) when his religion differs from that of his emancipator, we will mention it
(2) Narrated by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter of Whether a Muslim Inherits from a Disbeliever, from the Book of Inheritance. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/113. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 5/230, 236. (3) Narrated by al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter of Where the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) Planted the Flag on the Day of Conquest, from the Book of Military Expeditions, and in: The Chapter of The Muslim Does Not Inherit from the Disbeliever..., from the Book of Inheritance. Sahih al-Bukhari 5/187, 8/194. And Muslim, in: The Book of Inheritance. Sahih Muslim 3/1233. It was also narrated by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter of Whether a Muslim Inherits from a Disbeliever, from the Book of Inheritance. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/113. And al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter of What Has Been Said Regarding the Nullification of Inheritance Between the Muslim and the Disbeliever, from the Chapters of Inheritance. Aridat al-Ahwadhi 8/257. And Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter of Inheritance of the People of Islam from the People of Polytheism, from the Book of Inheritance. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/912. And al-Darimi, in: The Chapter of the Inheritance of the People of Polytheism and the People of Islam, from the Book of Inheritance. Sunan al-Darimi 2/370, 371. And Imam Malik, in: The Chapter of Inheritance of the People of Different Religions, from the Book of Inheritance. al-Muwatta 2/519. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 5/201, 202, 209. (4) In: The Chapter of Whether a Muslim Inherits from a Disbeliever, from the Book of Inheritance. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/113. It was also narrated by Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter of Inheritance of the People of Islam from the People of Polytheism, from the Book of Inheritance. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/912. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 2/178, 195. (5) Narrated by al-Darimi, in: The Chapter of the Inheritance of the People of Polytheism and the People of Islam, from the Book of Inheritance. Sunan al-Darimi 2/369. And Sa'id ibn Mansur, in: The Chapter of People of Two Different Religions Do Not Inherit From Each Other. al-Sunan 1/66.
اختلافٌ فى أَنَّ المسلمَ لا يرثُ الكافِرَ. ورُوِىَ أَنَّ يحيى بنَ يَعْمُرَ احتجَّ لقولِه، فقال: حدّثنى أبو الأسْودِ، أَنَّ مُعاذًا حدَّثه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "الْإِسْلَامُ يَزِيدُ ولَا يَنْقُصُ" (٢). ولأنَّنا نَنْكِحُ نِساءَهم، ولا ينْكِحون نِسَاءَنا، فكذلك نَرِثُهم، ولا يَرِثُوننا. ولنا؛ ما رَوى أسامةُ بنُ زَيْدٍ، عنِ النّبىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، أنَّه قال: "لَا يَرِثُ الْكَافِرُ المُسْلِم، وَلَا الْمُسْلِمُ الْكَافِرَ". متفقٌ عليه (٣). ورَوى أبو داودَ بإسنادِه: عن عمرو بن شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه عبد اللَّهِ بن عَمْرو، قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "لَا يَتَوَارَثُ أَهْلُ مِلّتَيْنِ شَتَّى" (٤). ولأنَّ الوِلايةَ مُنْقَطِعةٌ بينَ المسْلمِ والكافِرِ، فلم يَرِثْه، كما لا يَرِثُ الكافِرُ المُسْلمَ. فأمَّا حَديثُهم فيَحْتَملُ أنَّه أرادَ أَنَّ الإسلامَ يزيدُ بِمنْ يُسْلِمُ، وبما يُفْتَحُ من البلادِ لأهْلِ الإِسْلامِ، ولا يَنْقُصُ بمن يَرْتَدُّ، لقلةِ من يَرْتَدُّ، وكثْرةِ من يُسْلِمُ، وعلى أَنَّ حديثَهم مُجْملٌ، وحديثَنا مُفَسِّرٌ، وحديثَهم لم يُتَّفَقْ على صحَّتِه، وحديثَنا مُتَّفقٌ عليه، فتعيَّن تقديمُه. والصَّحيحُ عن عُمرَ، أنَّه قال: لَا نَرِثُ أَهْلَ المِلَلِ، وَلا يَرِثُونَنَا (٥). وقال فى عَمَّةِ الأشْعَثِ: يَرِثُها أهْلُ ديِنها (٥). فأمَّا المُعْتَقُ إذا خالفَ دينُه دينَ مُعْتِقِه، فسنذكره
(٢) أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب هل يرث المسلم الكافر، من كتاب الفرائض. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ١١٣. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٥/ ٢٣٠، ٢٣٦.(٣) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب أين ركز النبى -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- الراية يوم الفتح، من كتاب المغازى، وفى: باب لا يرث المسلم الكافر. . .، من كتاب الفرائض. صحيح البخارى ٥/ ١٨٧، ٨/ ١٩٤. ومسلم، فى: كتاب الفرائض، صحيح مسلم ٣/ ١٢٣٣.كما أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب هل يرث المسلم الكافر، من كتاب الفرائض. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ١١٣. والترمذى، فى: باب ما جاء فى إبطال الميراث بين المسلم والكافر، من أبواب الفرائض. عارضة الأحوذى ٨/ ٢٥٧. وابن ماجه، فى: باب ميراث أهل الإسلام من أهل الشرك، من كتاب الفرائض. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٩١٢. والدارمى، فى: باب فى ميراث أهل الشرك وأهل الإسلام، من كتاب الفرائض. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ٣٧٠، ٣٧١. والإمام مالك، فى: باب ميراث أهل الملل، من كتاب الفرائض. الموطأ ٢/ ٥١٩. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٥/ ٢٠١، ٢٠٢، ٢٠٩.(٤) فى: باب هل يرث المسلم الكافر، من كتاب الفرائض. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ١١٣.كما أخرجه ابن ماجه، فى: باب ميراث أهل الإسلام من أهل الشرك، من كتاب الفرائض. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٩١٢. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٢/ ١٧٨، ١٩٥.(٥) أخرجه الدارمى، فى: باب ميراث أهل الشرك، وأهل الإسلام، من كتاب الفرائض. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ٣٦٩. وسعيد بن منصور، فى: باب لا يتوارث أهل ملتين. السنن ١/ ٦٦.
