the two conditions are not met, but rather the deceased had offspring, or son's offspring, or two of the brothers and sisters, according to the opinion of the majority of jurists. Ibn Abbas said: None of the brothers and sisters screen the mother from the one-third to the one-sixth except for three. This was also narrated from Mu'adh, because Allah the Almighty said: "If he has brothers, then for his mother is the one-sixth." And the minimum plural is three. It was narrated that Ibn Abbas said to Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him: "Two brothers are not 'brothers' (ikhwah) in the language of your people, so why do you screen the mother with them?" He replied: "I cannot reject something that was before me, that has passed throughout the lands, and that people have inherited by." Our evidence is this statement of Uthman, for it indicates that it was a consensus established before the disagreement of Ibn Abbas. Also, every screening (hajb) connected to a number began with two, such as the screening of daughters by son's daughters, and sisters from both parents by sisters from the father. The term 'brothers' (ikhwah) is used for two; Allah the Almighty said: "But if there are brothers (ikhwah) and sisters, then the male shall have the equivalent of the portion of two females." This ruling is established for one brother and one sister. Among the linguists are those who consider two to be a plural in reality, and among them are those who use it metaphorically and refer it to that meaning due to evidence. There is no difference in her being screened between the male and the female due to His saying: "brothers (ikhwah)." This applies to all, as evidenced by His saying: "If there are brothers (ikhwah) - men and women," where He clarified them as men and women.
The third state: If there is a husband and two parents, or a wife and two parents, the mother receives one-third of the remainder after the fixed share of the spouses. This will be mentioned, if Allah the Almighty wills.
1002 - Issue; he said: (And the father has nothing with the male offspring or son's offspring except the one-sixth; if they are daughters, he has what remains.)
He means, and Allah knows best, that he has what remains after the one-sixth has been assigned to him; thus he has three
(2) Surah al-Nisa 11. (3) Omitted from: M. (4) In M: "is connected to (yata'allaqu)". (5) Surah al-Nisa 176.
يَجتمِعِ الشَّرْطانِ، بل كانَ للميِّتِ ولدٌ، أو ولدُ ابنٍ، أو اثنانِ من الإِخوةِ والأَخواتِ. في قولِ جُمْهورِ الفُقَهاءِ. وقال ابنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لا يَحْجُبُ الأُمَّ عن الثُّلثِ إلى السُّدسِ مِن الإِخوةِ والأَخَواتِ إلَّا ثَلَاثَةٌ. وحُكِىَ ذلك عن مُعَاذٍ؛ لأنَّ اللهَ تعالى قال: {فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ فَلِأُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ} (٢). وأقلُّ الجمعِ ثَلَاثةٌ. ورُوِىَ أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ قال لعُثمانَ، رَضِىَ اللَّه عنه: ليس الأَخَوان إخْوةً في لِسانِ قومِكَ، فلم تَحْجُبُ بهما الأُمَّ؟ فقالَ: لا (٣) أَستطيعُ أنْ أردَّ شيئًا كانَ قَبْلِى، ومَضَى في البُلدانِ، وتوارَثَ النَّاسُ به. ولَنا، قولُ عثمانَ هذا، فإنَّه يَدُلُّ على أنَّه اجْماعٌ تَمَّ قَبْلَ مُخالفةِ ابنِ عبَّاسٍ. ولأنَّ كلَّ حَجْبٍ تَعَلَّقَ (٤) بعَدَدٍ كان أَوَّلُه اثنيْنِ، كحَجْبِ البناتِ بناتِ الابْنِ، والأَخَواتِ مِن الأبويْنِ الأخواتِ مِن الأَبِ، والإِخوةُ تُستعمَلُ في الاثْنينِ، قال اللهُ تعالى: {وَإِنْ كَانُوا إِخْوَةً رِجَالًا وَنِسَاءً فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} (٥). وهذا الحُكمُ ثابتٌ في أخٍ وأُخْتٍ. ومِن أهلِ اللُّغةِ مَن يَجْعلُ الاثنيْنِ جَمْعًا حَقِيقةً، ومنهم مَن يَسْتَعْمِلُه مَجَازًا، فيَصْرِفُ إليه بالدَّلِيلِ. ولا فَرْقَ في حَجْبِها بين الذَّكرِ والأُنثَى؛ لقولِه تعالى {إِخْوَةً}. وهذا يَقعُ على الجَميعِ؛ بدليلِ قولِه: {وَإِنْ كَانُوا إِخْوَةً رِجَالًا وَنِسَاءً}. فَفسَّرهم بالرِّجالِ والنِّساءِ. الحالُ الثَّالثُ، إِذَا كان زوجٌ وأبَوانِ، أو امْرَأةٌ وأبوانِ، فلِلأُمِّ ثُلثُ الباقِى، بعدَ فَرْضِ الزَّوْجَينِ. وهذه يأتِى ذِكرُها، إن شاءَ اللهُ تعالى.
١٠٠٢ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَلَيْسَ لِلْأَبِ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ الذَّكَرِ، أَوْ وَلَدِ الابْنِ، إِلَّا السُّدُسُ، فَإِنْ كُنَّ بَنَاتٍ كَانَ لَهُ مَا فَضَلَ)
يَعنى، واللهُ أعلمُ، كانَ له ما فَضَلَ بعدَ أن يُفرَضَ له السُّدسُ، فيكونُ له ثلاثةُ
(٢) سورة النساء ١١.(٣) سقط من: م.(٤) في م: "يتعلق".(٥) سورة النساء ١٧٦.
