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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 9 · Page 208Chapter on Shared Purity (Tuhr)

Translation · EN

and sixty. If he says after that, 'One of you is divorced,' the inheritance does not differ, but the dowries differ. The sixth has seven-eighths of a dowry, the fifth has twenty-five parts out of thirty-two of a dowry, and there remains for the four, two dowries and twenty-seven parts of a dowry. According to al-Shafi'i, a quarter of the inheritance is withheld among the six, another quarter among the five, and the rest among the four; half a dowry is withheld among the six, half among the five, and half among the four, and to each one, half is paid.

Chapter: On Participation in the Period of Purity (Tuhr)

If two men have intercourse with a woman in one period of purity, an act of intercourse from which lineage can be established, and she produces a child that could have come from either of them—such as when two partners have intercourse with their shared slave-woman, or a man has intercourse with his slave-woman then sells her before she has undergone an istingra' (purification period), and the buyer has intercourse with her before she has undergone it, or two men have intercourse with her by way of doubt (shubha), or a man divorces his wife and another marries her during her 'idda and has intercourse with her, or a man has intercourse with another's slave-woman or wife by way of doubt during the same period of purity in which her master or husband had intercourse with her, then she produces a child that could have come from either of them—then the qafa (lineage experts) are consulted regarding them. This is the opinion of 'Ata', Malik, al-Layth, al-Awza'i, al-Shafi'i, and Abu Thawr. If they attach the child to one of them, the child is attached to him. If they deny the child from one of them, the child is attached to the other. It is the same whether they both claim the child or do not claim it, or if one claims it and the other denies it. If the qafa attach the child to both, the child is attached to both and is the son of both. This is the opinion of al-Awza'i, al-Thawri, and Abu Thawr. Some of Malik's companions reported this from him. Malik said: The child of a free woman is not shown to the qafa, rather it belongs to the owner of the correct bedding (firash) and not the one who had intercourse by way of doubt. Al-Shafi'i said: It is not attached to more than one; if the qafa attach the child to more than one, it is as if there were no qafa. Whenever there are no qafa, or they are uncertain, or the qafa disagree regarding the lineage, Abu Bakr said: The lineage is lost, and there is no ruling

Notes

(81) In A: "al-qafa".

Arabic (Source)

وسِتِّين. فإن قال بعد ذلك: إحداكُنَّ طالقٌ. لم يَخْتَلِفِ الميراثُ، ولكن تَخْتَلِفُ المُهورُ، فللسَّادسةِ سبعةُ أثْمانِ مَهْرٍ، وللخامسةِ خمسةٌ وعشرونَ جزءًا من اثنينِ وثلاثينَ من مَهْرٍ، ويَبْقَى للأربع مَهْرانِ وسبعةٌ وعشرونَ جزءًا من مَهْرٍ. وعندَ الشافعىِّ يُوقَفُ ربعُ الميراثِ بين السِّتِّ، وربعٌ آخرُ بين الخمسِ، وباقِيه بين الأرْبعِ، ويوقفُ نصفُ مَهْرٍ بين السِّتِّ، ونصفٌ بين الخَمْسِ، ونصفٌ بين الأرْبعِ، ويُدْفَعُ إلى كل واحدةٍ نِصفٌ.

باب الاشْتِرَاك فى الطُّهْر

إذا وَطِئَ رجلانِ امرأةً فى طُهْرٍ واحدٍ وَطْئًا يَلْحَقُ النَّسَبُ من مثْلِه، فأَتَتْ بوَلَدٍ يُمْكِنُ أن يكونَ منهما، مثل أن يَطَأَ الشَّرِيكانِ جارِيَتَهما المُشْتَرَكةَ، أو يَطَأَ الإِنسانُ جارِيَتَه ثم يَبِيعَها قبلَ أن يَسْتَبْرِئَها، فيَطَؤُها المُشْتَرِى قبلَ اسْتِبْرائِها، أو يَطؤُها رجلانِ بشُبْهَةٍ، أو يُطَلِّقَ رجلٌ امرأتَه فيتَزوَّجَها غيرُه فى عِدَّتِها ويَطأَها، أو يطَأُ إنسانٌ جارِيةَ آخرَ أو امرأتَه بشُبْهةٍ فى الطُّهْرِ الذى وَطِئَها فيه سَيِّدُها أو زَوْجُها، ثم تأْتى بولدٍ يُمْكِنُ أن يكونَ منهما، فإنَّه يُرَى القافةَ معهما. وهذا قولُ عطاءٍ، ومالكٍ، واللَّيثِ، والأوْزَاعِىِّ، والشَّافعىِّ، وأبى ثورٍ، فإن ألْحَقَتْه بأحدِهما، لَحِقَ به، وإن نَفَتْه عن أحدِهما، لَحِقَ الآخَرَ، وسواءٌ ادَّعَياه أو لم يَدَّعِياه، أو ادَّعاه أحدُهما وأنْكَره الآخَرُ، وإن أَلحقَتْه القافةُ بهما، لَحِقَهما وكان ابْنَهُما. وهذا قولُ الأَوْزاعىِّ، والثَّوْرِىِّ، وأبى ثَوْرٍ. وروَاه بعضُ أصحابِ مالكٍ عنه. وقال مالكٌ: لا يُرَى ولدُ الحُرَّةِ للقافةِ (٨١)، بل يكونُ لصاحبِ الفِرَاشِ الصَّحِيحِ دُونَ الوَاطئِ بِشُبْهةٍ. وقال الشافعىُّ: لا يُلْحَقُ بأكثرَ من واحدٍ، فإن ألحقَتْه القافةُ بأكثرَ من واحدٍ، كان بمَنْزِلَةِ أن لا يُوجَدَ قافةٌ. ومتى لم يُوجَدْ قافةٌ، أو أُشْكِلَ عليها، أو اخْتَلَفَ القائمانِ فى نَسَبِه، فقال أبو بكر: يَضِيعُ نَسَبُه، ولا حُكْمَ

Notes

(٨١) فى أ: "القافة".

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