Book of Wala' (Clientage)
Allah the Almighty said: {And if you do not know their fathers, then they are your brothers in religion and your mawali (clients)} [33:5]. He means the adopted ones. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Wala' belongs to the one who emancipated" [1]. Sa'id narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us, from Abdullah ibn Dinar, from Ibn Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) forbade the sale of Wala' and its gift. It is mutually agreed upon [2]. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Allah has cursed the one who takes [as patrons] those other than his own mawali" [3]. Al-Tirmidhi said: This is a hasan sahih hadith. He (peace be upon him) also said: "The mawla (client) of a people is one of them" [4]. A sahih hadith. Al-Khallal narrated with his chain of authority from Isma'il ibn Abi Khalid, from Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa, who said: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said to me: "Wala' is a bond like the bond of lineage; it is not sold and it is not gifted."
1050 - Issue: He said: (Wala' belongs to the one who emancipated, even if their religions differ).
The scholars have reached a consensus that whoever emancipates a slave, or upon whom a slave is emancipated, and does not emancipate him as a sa'ibah (an emancipated slave whose inheritance belongs to the public treasury), he possesses the Wala' over him. The basis for this is the statement of the Prophet (peace be upon him): "Wala' belongs to the one who emancipated." They also reached a consensus that the master inherits the entire estate of his freedman if he dies, provided their religions are the same and he does not leave behind any heir other than him. This is because of the statement of the Prophet (peace be upon him): "Wala' is a bond like the bond of lineage." Lineage is inherited through and from, and similarly, Wala' is [inherited]. Sa'id narrated from Abd al-Rahman ibn Ziyad: Shu'bah narrated to us, from al-Hakam, from Abdullah ibn Shaddad, who said: The daughter of Hamza had a freedman whom she had emancipated. He died and left behind his daughter and his emancipator, the daughter of Hamza. The Prophet (peace be upon him) gave his daughter the half and gave his emancipator, the daughter of Hamza, the half. He said: Khalid ibn Abdullah narrated to us, from Yunus, from al-Hasan, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Inheritance belongs to the asaba (agnatic heirs); if there are no [asaba, it belongs to the mawla]." And from him, that a man...
(1) Surah al-Ahzab, 5. (2) Its authentication (takhrij) was provided previously in: 8/359. (3) Narrated by al-Bukhari, in: Chapter on the Sale of Wala' and its Gift, from the Book of Emancipation (al-'Itq), and in: Chapter on the Sin of the One Who Disowns his Mawali, from the Book of Shares of Inheritance (al-Fara'id). Sahih al-Bukhari 3/192, 8/192. And Muslim, in: Chapter on the Prohibition of Selling Wala' and its Gift, from the Book of Emancipation. Sahih Muslim 2/1145. It was also narrated by Abu Dawood, in: Chapter on the Sale of Wala', from the Book of Shares of Inheritance. Sunan Abi Dawood 2/115. Al-Tirmidhi, in: Chapter on what has been reported regarding the dislike of selling Wala' and its gift, from the Chapters of Sales, and in: Chapter on what has been reported regarding the prohibition of selling Wala' and its gift, from the Chapters of Wala'. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 5/245, 8/284, 285. Al-Nasa'i, in: Chapter on the Sale of Wala', from the Book of Sales. Al-Mujtaba 7/269. Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on the Prohibition of the Sale of Wala' and its Gift, from the Book of Shares of Inheritance 2/918. Al-Darimi, in: Chapter on the Prohibition of the Sale of Wala', from the Book of Sales, and in: Chapter on the Sale of Wala', from the Book of Shares of Inheritance. Sunan al-Darimi 2/256, 398. Al-Muwatta', in: Chapter on the Destination of Wala' for the One who Emancipated, from the Book of Emancipation. Al-Muwatta' 2/782. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 2/9, 79. (4) Its authentication was provided previously in: 7/317. (5) Provided previously in: 4/110. In addition to the wording of the hadith here: It was narrated by al-Bukhari, in: Chapter on the Mawla of a people being from among them..., from the Book of Shares of Inheritance. Sahih al-Bukhari 8/193. Al-Darimi, in: Chapter on the Mawla of a people..., from the Book of Military Expeditions (al-Siyar). Sunan al-Darimi 2/244. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 3/448, 4/340.
كتاب الوَلَاء
قال اللَّهُ تعالى: {فَإِنْ لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا آبَاءَهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ وَمَوَالِيكُمْ} (١). يعنى الأَدْعِياء. وقال النبىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أعْتَقَ" (٢). وقال سعيدٌ: حدثنا سُفْيانُ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بن دِينار، عن ابن عمرَ، قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- عن بَيْعِ الوَلَاءِ، وعن هِبَتِه. مُتَّفَقٌ عليهما (٣) وقال النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "لَعَنَ اللَّه مَنْ تَوَلَّى غيرَ مَوَالِيهِ" (٤). قال التِّرْمِذِىُّ: هذا حديثٌ حسنٌ صحيحٌ. وقال -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "مَوْلَى القَوْمِ مِنْهُم" (٥). حديث صحيحِ. ورَوى الخَلَّالُ، بإِسْنادِه عن إسماعيلَ بن أبى خالدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه ابن
(١) سورة الأحزاب ٥.(٢) تقدم تخريجه فى: ٨/ ٣٥٩.(٣) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب بيع الولاء وهبته، من كتاب العتق، وفى: باب إثم من تبرأ من مواليه، من كتاب الفرائض. صحيح البخارى ٣/ ١٩٢، ٨/ ١٩٢. ومسلم، فى: باب النهى عن بيع الولاء وهبته، من كتاب العتق. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ١١٤٥.كما أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب فى بيع الولاء، من كتاب الفرائض. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ١١٥. والترمذى، فى: باب ما جاء فى كراهية بيع الولاء وهبته، من أبواب البيوع، وفى: باب ما جاء فى النهى عن بيع الولاء وهبته، من أبواب الولاء. عارضة الأحوذى ٥/ ٢٤٥، ٨/ ٢٨٤، ٢٨٥. والنسائى، فى: باب بيع الولاء، من كتاب البيوع. المجتبى ٧/ ٢٦٩. وابن ماجه، فى: باب النهى عن بيع الولاء وعن هبته، من كتاب الفرائض ٢/ ٩١٨. والدارمى، فى: باب فى النهى عن بيع الولاء، من كتاب البيوع، وفى: باب بيع الولاء، من كتاب الفرائض. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ٢٥٦، ٣٩٨. والموطأ، فى: باب مصير الولاء لمن أعتق، من كتاب العتق. الموطأ ٢/ ٧٨٢. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٢/ ٩، ٧٩.(٤) تقدم تخريجه فى: ٧/ ٣١٧.(٥) تقدم فى: ٤/ ١١٠. ويضاف إليه للفظ الحديث هنا: وأخرجه البخارى، فى: باب مولى القوم من أنفسهم. . .، من كتاب الفرائض. صحيح البخارى ٨/ ١٩٣. والدارمى، فى: باب فى مولى القوم. . . .، من كتاب السير. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ٢٤٤. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٣/ ٤٤٨، ٤/ ٣٤٠.
