The affiliation returns to him and to his masters, similar to the case if a man who invoked li'an (l'ian) were to re-claim his child. This is the view of the majority of the Companions and the jurists. It is narrated from Umar, Uthman, Ali, al-Zubayr, Abdullah, Zayd ibn Thabit, Marwan, Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, al-Hasan, Ibn Sirin, Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, and al-Nakha'i. This was also held by Malik, al-Thawri, al-Awza'i, al-Layth, Abu Hanifah and his companions, al-Shafi'i, Ishaq, and Abu Thawr. It is narrated from Rafi' ibn Khadij that the wala' does not transfer (1) away from the masters of the mother. This was also held by Malik ibn Aws ibn al-Hadathan (2), al-Zuhri, Maymun ibn Mihran, Humayd ibn Abd al-Rahman, and Dawud, because the wala' is a tie like the tie of lineage, and lineage does not cease from one for whom it has been established; thus, the wala' is the same. It has been narrated from Uthman and Zayd something to this effect, but Ibn al-Labban denied both, saying: It is well-known from Uthman that he ruled in favor of transferring (3) the wala' to al-Zubayr over Rafi' ibn Khadij. Our argument is that the affiliation is to the father, and thus the wala' is the same. For this reason, if they were both free, the wala' of their child would belong to the master of the father. When the father was a slave, the wala' belonged to the master of the mother by necessity. When the father is emancipated (4), the necessity ceases, so the affiliation returns to him and the wala' to his masters. Abd al-Rahman narrated from al-Zubayr that when he arrived at Khaybar, he saw some youths with dark-lipped mouths (la'as), and their elegance and beauty impressed him. He asked about them and was told: "They are the mawali (freedmen) of Rafi' ibn Khadij, and their father is a slave of the Banu al-Hurqah (5)." Al-Zubayr bought their father and emancipated him, and said to his children: "Affiliate yourselves with me, for your wala' belongs to me." Rafi' ibn Khadij said: "The wala' belongs to me, for they were emancipated by my emancipation of their mother." They took their case to Uthman, who ruled that the wala' belonged to al-Zubayr, and the Companions reached a consensus on this. La'as is a blackness in the lips which the Arabs consider beautiful (6), and its equivalent is lamy. Dhu al-Rummah (7) said:
(1) In the manuscripts: "yanjaz". See the statement of Ibn al-Labban below. (2) Malik ibn Aws ibn al-Hadathan al-Nasri, from the Successors of Medina, died in the year ninety-two. Al-Lubab 3/226, al-'Ibar 1/106, Tahdhib al-Tahdhib 10/10. (3) Omitted from: M. (4) In M: "a'taqa" and there is an addition after it: "al-'abd". (5) Al-Hurqah: A sub-tribe of Juhaynah. See: al-Mushtabih 227. (6) In A, M: "tastahibbuhu". (7) Diwanuhu 1/33.
النِّسْبةُ إليه وإلى مُوَلِّيه، بمنزلةِ ما لو اسْتَلْحقَ الْملاعِنُ ولدَه. هذا قولُ جُمْهورِ الصَّحابةِ والفُقَهاءِ، يُرْوَى هذا عن عمرَ، وعثمانَ، وعلىٍّ، والزُّبَيرِ، وعبدِ اللَّه، وزيدِ بن ثابتٍ، ومَرْوانَ، وسعيد بن المُسَيَّبِ، والحسنِ، وابنِ سِيرِينَ، وعمرَ بن عبدِ العزيزِ، والنَّخَعِىِّ. وبه قال مالكٌ، والثَّوْرِىُّ، والأوْزَاعىُّ، واللَّيْثُ، وأبو حنيفةَ وأصحابُه، والشَّافعىُّ، وإسحاقُ، وأبو ثَوْرٍ. ويُروَى عن رافعِ بن خَدِيجٍ أَنَّ الولاءَ لا يَنْجَرُّ (١) عن مَوالِى الأُمِّ. وبه قال مالكُ بن أوْس بن الْحَدَثانِ (٢)، والزُّهْرِىُّ، ومَيْمُونُ بن مِهْرانَ، وحُمَيْدُ بن عبدِ الرحمن، وداودُ؛ لأنَّ الوَلاءَ لُحْمةٌ كلُحْمةِ النَّسَبِ، والنَّسَبُ لا يزولُ عَمَّنْ ثبَتَ له، فكذلك الولاءُ. وقد رُوِىَ عن عثمانَ نحوُ هذا، وعن زيدٍ. وأنْكرَهُما ابنُ اللَّبَّانِ، وقال: مشهورٌ عن عُثمانَ أنَّه قَضَى بِجَرِّ (٣) الوَلَاءِ للزُّبَيْرِ على رافعِ بن خَدِيج. ولَنا، أنَّ الانْتِسَابَ إلى الأبِ، فكذلك الوَلاءُ، ولذلك لو كانا حُرَّيْنِ، كان ولاءُ وَلَدِهما لمَولى أبِيه، فلما كان مَمْلُوكًا كان الولاءُ لمَوْلَى الأُمِّ ضرورةً، فإذا عَتَقَ (٤) الأبُ زالتِ الضرورةُ، فعادت النِّسْبةُ إليه، والولاءُ إلى مَوَالِيه. ورَوى عبد الرحمنِ، عن الزُّبيرِ، أنَّه لمَّا قَدِمَ خَيْبَرَ رأى فِتْيةً لُعْسًا، فأعجبه ظَرْفُهم وجَمالُهم، فسأَل عنهم، فقيل له: مَوالِى رافعِ بن خَدِج، وأبُوهُم مملوكٌ لآلِ الْحُرَقَةِ (٥)، فاشترَى الزُّبيرُ أباهُم فأعْتَقَه، وقال لأولادِه: انتسِبُوا إلىَّ، فإن وَلاءَكم لِى. فقال رافعُ بن خَدِيج: الوَلاءُ لِى، فإنَّهم عَتَقُوا بعِتْقِى أُمَّهم. فاحْتَكَمُوا إلى عثمانَ، فقَضَى بالولاءِ للزُّبَيْرِ، فاجْتَمَعَتِ الصَّحابةُ عليه. اللَّعَسُ سَوادٌ فى الشَّفَتَيْنِ تَسْتَحْسِنُه (٦) العَرَبُ، ومثله اللَّمَى، قال ذو الرُّمَّةِ (٧):
(١) فى النسخ: "ينجز". وانظر قول ابن اللبان الآتى.(٢) مالك بن أوس بن الحدثان النَّصْرى، من تابعى المدينة، توفى سنة اثنين وتسعين. اللباب ٣/ ٢٢٦، العبر ١/ ١٠٦، تهذيب التهذيب ١٠/ ١٠.(٣) سقط من: م.(٤) فى م: "أعتق" وفيها بعد ذلك زيادة: "العبد".(٥) الحرقة: بطن من جهينة. انظر: المشتبه ٢٢٧.(٦) فى أ، م: "تستحبه".(٧) ديوانه ١/ ٣٣.