"She has dark lips with a shade of brownish-red, which is a la'as (darkness of the lips), and in her gums and teeth there is a brilliance (shanab) (8)."
Section: The ruling for a mukatab (manumitted slave under a contract) who marries during his contract, produces children, and then is emancipated, is the same as that of an absolute slave regarding the transfer of wala'. The same applies to the mudabbar (a slave whose freedom is promised upon the master's death) and the one whose emancipation is suspended upon a condition, because they are slaves; for the mukatab remains a slave as long as a single dirham of his contract remains.
Section: If the wala' transfers to the masters of the father and they then become extinct, the wala' returns to the public treasury (bayt al-mal) and does not return to the masters of the mother under any circumstances, according to the view of the majority of scholars. It is narrated from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, that it returns to the masters (9) of the mother. The first view is more correct, because the wala' follows the same path as lineage; if the father and his paternal line were to become extinct, the affiliation would not return to the mother, and thus the wala' is the same. Once this is established, if she gives birth after the emancipation of the father, the wala' of her child belongs to the masters of his father without disagreement. If he denies the child through li'an, the child's wala' returns to the masters of the mother, because it becomes clear that he did not have a father to be affiliated with. If he later retracts and claims the child, the (10) wala' returns to the masters of the father.
Section: The wala' does not transfer except under three conditions. The first is that the father must be a slave at the time of birth. If he is free and his wife is a mawlah (freedwoman), then it must be that either he is originally free, in which case there is no wala' (11) on his child at all, or if he is a freedman, the wala' is established on his child for his own masters initially, and there is no transfer in this case. The second is that the mother must be a mawlah. If she is not, then either she is originally free, in which case there is no wala' on her child at all and they are free due to her freedom, or she is a slave, in which case her child is a slave for her master. If he emancipates them, their wala' belongs to him and does not transfer away from him under any circumstances, whether he emancipates them after they are born or emancipates their mother while she is pregnant with them and they are emancipated by her emancipation, because the wala' is established (12) directly by the emancipation, so it does not transfer from the emancipator.
(8) Al-huwwah: The same as al-lamy. Al-shanab: Coolness and sweetness in the teeth, or the sharpness and fineness of the canines. (9) In A: "mawla". (10) In the original and M: "fa-'ada". (11) In M: there is an addition: "'alayhi wala'". (12) In M: "yathbut".
لَمْياءُ فى شَفَتَيْها حُوَّةٌ لَعَسٌ ... وفى اللِّثاتِ وفى أنْيابِها شَنَبُ (٨)
فصل: وحُكْمُ المُكاتَبِ يَتَزَوَّجُ فى كِتَابَتِه، فيأتى له أولادٌ ثم يَعْتِقُ، حُكْمُ العَبْدِ القِنِّ فى جَرِّ الوَلاءِ، وكذلك المُدَبَّرُ والمُعَلّقُ عِتْقُه بصِفةٍ؛ لأنَّهم عَبِيدٌ، فإنَّ المُكاتَبَ عَبْدٌ ما بَقِىَ عليه دِرْهَمٌ.
فصل: إذا انْجَرَّ الوَلاءُ إلى مَوالِى الأبِ ثم انْقَرَضُوا، عاد الوَلاءُ إلى بيتِ المالِ، ولم يرجعْ إلى مَوالِى الأُمِّ بحالٍ. فى قول أكثر أهلِ العلمِ. وحُكِىَ عن ابنِ عباس، رَضِىَ اللَّه عنهما، أنَّه يعودُ إلى مَوالِى (٩) الأُمِّ. والأولُ أصَحُّ؛ لأنَّ الوَلاءَ جَرَى مَجْرَى الانْتِسَابِ، ولو انقرضَ الأبُ وَآباؤُه لم تَعُدِ النِّسْبةُ إلى الأُمِّ، كذلك الولاءُ. فإذا ثَبَتَ هذا فوَلَدَتْ بعدَ عِتْقِ الأب، كان ولاءُ ولدِها لمَوالِى أبيه. بلا خلافٍ. فإنْ نَفاهُ باللِّعانِ، عاد ولاؤُه إلى مَوالِى الأُمِّ؛ لأنَّا نَتَبَيَّنُ أنَّه لم يكُنْ له أبٌ يَنْتَسِبُ إليه. فإن عاد فاسْتَلْحَقَه، عاد (١٠) الولاءُ إلى مَوالِى الأبِ.
فصل: ولا يَنْجَرُّ الوَلاءُ إلَّا بشُروطٍ ثلاثةٍ؛ أحدها، أن يكونَ الأبُ عبدًا حينَ الوِلادةِ، فإن كان حُرًّا وزوجَتُه مَوْلاةً، لم يَخْلُ، إمَّا أن يكونَ حُرَّ الأصْلِ، فلا وَلاءَ (١١) على ولدِه بحالٍ، وإن كان مَوْلًى، ثَبَتَ الوَلاءُ على وَلَدِه لمَوالِيه ابْتداءً، ولا جَرَّ فيه. الثانى، أن تكونَ الأمُّ مَوْلاةً، فإن لم تكُنْ كذلك لم تَخْلُ، إمَّا أن تكونَ حُرَّةَ الأصْلِ، فلا وَلاءَ على ولدِها بحالٍ، وهم أحْرارٌ بحُرِّيِّتِها، أو تكونَ أمةً، فولدُها رَقِيقٌ لسَيِّدها، فإن أعْتَقَهم فوَلاؤُهم له لا يَنْجَرُّ عنه بحالٍ، سَواءٌ أعْتَقَهم بعدَ وِلَادَتِهم، أو أعْتَقَ أُمَّهُم حامِلًا بهم فعَتَقُوا بعِتْقِها؛ لأنَّ الوَلاءَ ثَبَتَ (١٢) بالعِتْقِ مُباشَرةً، فلا يَنْجَرُّ عن المُعْتِقِ؛
(٨) الحوة: مثل اللمى. والشنب: برد وعذوبة فى الأسنان، أو تحديد الأنياب ودقتها.(٩) فى أ: "مولى".(١٠) فى الأصل، م: "فعاد"(١١) فى م زيادة: "عليه ولا".(١٢) فى م: "يثبت".