nor is it inherited, but rather one is inherited through it. Therefore, it remains for the emancipator forever and does not cease from him, evidenced by his saying (peace be upon him): "Wala’ belongs only to the one who emancipated." And his saying: "Wala’ is a bond like the bond of lineage." The agnates of the master only inherit the wealth of his mawla through the wala’ of his emancipator, not the wala’ itself. The meaning of this opinion becomes clear through the two issues of al-Khiraqi which he mentioned here, namely: If a man dies leaving two sons and a mawla, then one of the two sons dies after him leaving a son, and then the mawla dies, he is inherited by the son of his emancipator, not the son of the son of his emancipator; because the son of his emancipator is the closest of his master's agnates. If the master were to die leaving his son and his grandson, his inheritance would go to his son, not his grandson, and the same applies if the mawla dies. The other issue is, if the two sons died after him and before his mawla, and one of them left a son, and the other nine, and then the mawla died, his inheritance would be shared among them according to their number, with each one of them having one-tenth, because if the master had died, his inheritance would be shared among them in the same way, and thus is the inheritance of his mawla. If wala’ were inheritable, the ruling would be reversed in both cases. Inheritance in the first case would be between the son and the grandson because the two sons would have inherited the wala’ from their father, then what belonged to the son who died would transfer to his son, making the mawla's inheritance between him and his uncle in equal halves. In the second case, the individual grandson would receive half of the wala’ through his inheritance from his father, and the other nine sons of the other grandson would receive the other half divided among them according to their number. Shurayh dissented and said: Wala’ is in the status of wealth, it is inherited from the emancipator, so whoever owns anything in his lifetime, it belongs to his heirs. It has been narrated from Umar, Ali, Ibn Abbas, and Ibn al-Musayyib similar to this. Hanbal and Muhammad ibn al-Hakam narrated from Ahmad something similar. Abu Bakr considered them to be mistaken in their narration, for the group narrated from Ahmad the same as the opinion of the majority. Abu al-Harith said: I asked Abu Abd Allah about wala’ going to the eldest, and he said: It has been narrated from Umar,
(4) Its documentation was previously cited in: 8/359. (5) Its documentation was previously cited on page 215. (6) In M: "mentioned them both". (7) In the original and M: "son of the emancipator". (8) In M: "as if". (9) In M: an addition of "from".
يُورَثُ، وإنَّما يُورَثُ به، فهو باقٍ للمُعْتِقِ أبدًا، لا يزولُ عنه، بدليلِ قولِه عليه السلام: "إنَّمَا الْوَلاءُ لِمَنْ أعْتَقَ" (٤). وقولِه: "الولاءُ لُحمةٌ كلُحْمةِ النَّسَبِ" (٥). وإنَّما يَرِثُ عَصَبةُ السَّيِّدِ مالَ مَوْلاه بوَلاءِ مُعْتِقِه، لا نَفْس الوَلاءِ. ويتَّضِحُ معنى هذا القولِ بمَسْألَتَىِ الْخِرَقِىِّ اللَّتَيْن ذكَرَهُما (٦) ههُنا، وهما: إذا مات رجلٌ عن ابْنَيْنِ ومَوْلًى، فمات أحدُ الابْنَينِ بعدَه عن ابنٍ، ثم مات الْمَوْلَى، وَرِثَه ابنُ مُعْتقهِ دون ابنِ ابنِ مُعْتِقِه؛ لأنَّ ابنَ مُعْتِقِه (٧) أقربُ عَصَبةِ سَيِّدِه. ولو مات السيدُ، وخَلَّفَ ابْنَه وابنَ ابنهِ، لَكان مِيراثُه لابنِه، دون ابنِ ابنِه، فكذلك إذا مات الْمَوْلَى. والمسألةُ الأخرى، إذا هلَك الابْنانِ بعدَه، وقبلَ مَولْاه، وخلَّفَ أحدُهما ابنًا، والآخرُ تِسْعةً، ثم مات الْمَوْلَى، كان مِيراثُه بينهم على عَدَدِهم، لكلِّ واحدٍ فهم عُشْرُه؛ لأنَّ السَّيِّدَ لو مات كان ميراثُه بينهم كذلك، فكذلك ميراثُ مَوْلاه، ولو كان الولاءُ مَوْرُوثًا لَانْعَكَسَ الحُكْمُ فى المسْألتَيْنِ، فكان الميراثُ فى المسألةِ الأولى بين الابنِ وابنِ الابنِ؛ لأنَّ (٨) الابْنَيْنِ وَرِثَا الوَلاءَ عن أبِيهِما، ثم ما صار للابنِ الذى مات انتقلَ إلى ابنِه، فصار ميراثُ المَوْلَى بينَه وبين عَمِّه نِصْفَيْنِ. وفى المسألةِ الثانية يصيرُ لابْنِ الابنِ المُنْفَردِ نِصْفُ الولاءِ بمِيراثِه ذلك عن ابنِه، ولبنى الابنِ الآخَرِ النِّصْفُ بينهم على عَدَدِهم. وشَذَّ شُرَيْحٌ، فقال: الوَلاءُ بمَنْزِلةِ المالِ، يُورثُ عن الْمُعْتِقِ، فمن مَلَكَ شيئًا حَياتَه، فهو لِوَرَثَتِه. وقد حُكِىَ عن عمرَ، وعلىٍّ، وابنِ عباسٍ، وابن المُسَيَّبِ، نحوُ هذا. وروَى (٩) حَنْبَلٌ، ومحمدُ بن الحَكَمِ، عن أحمدَ نحوَه. وغَلّطهُما أبو بكرٍ فى رِوايتِهما، فإنَّ الجماعةَ روَوْا عن أحمدَ مثلَ قولِ الجمهورِ. قال أبو الحارثِ: سألتُ أبا عبدِ اللَّه عن الوَلاءِ لِلْكِبَرِ، فقال: كذا رُوِىَ عن عمرَ،
(٤) تقدم تخريجه فى: ٨/ ٣٥٩.(٥) تقدم تخريجه فى صفحة ٢١٥.(٦) فى م: "ذكرناهما".(٧) فى الأصل، م: "ابن المعتق".(٨) فى م: "كأن".(٩) فى م زيادة: "عن".