leave behind agnates from the lineage of his master, his wealth goes to the master of his master, then to his closest agnates, then to the master of the master. Once his agnates and the masters of the masters and their agnates are extinct, his wealth goes to the Bayt al-Mal (Public Treasury).
1065 - Issue: He said: (Whoever emancipates a slave, his wala’ belongs to his son, and his 'aql [blood money liability] lies with his agnates).
This issue is interpreted as applying to cases where the emancipator did not leave behind agnates from his lineage or any heir among them. For if he had left behind an heir from his lineage or agnates, they would be more entitled to his inheritance and 'aql than the agnates of his master and his son, so there is no confusion in that. If he left behind nothing but the son of his master and the agnates of his master, then his wealth belongs to the son of his master because he is the closest of the emancipator’s agnates. As for his 'aql, if he commits a crime, it falls upon the agnates of the master if the emancipator was a woman, because of what Ibrahim narrated: Ali and al-Zubayr disputed over the mawla of Safiyyah. Ali said: "The mawla of my paternal aunt, and I pay his 'aql." Al-Zubayr said: "The mawla of my mother, and I inherit from him." Umar judged the inheritance to al-Zubayr and judged the 'aql to Ali. This was mentioned by Imam Ahmad, and Sa’id narrated it in his "Sunan" and others, and it is a famous case. It was narrated from al-Sha’bi who said: He ruled the wala’ of Safiyyah for al-Zubayr to the exclusion of al-Abbas, and he ruled the wala’ of Umm Hani for Ja’dah ibn Hubayrah to the exclusion of Ali. It is not impossible for the 'aql to be upon the agnates while the inheritance is for someone else, just as the Prophet (peace be upon him) ruled that the inheritance of the woman who was killed along with her fetus belongs to her sons, while her 'aql lies with her agnates. Ziyad ibn Abi Maryam narrated that a woman emancipated a slave of hers, then she died and left behind a son and her brother. Then their mawla died after her, so the woman’s brother and her son came to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) regarding his inheritance. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "His inheritance is for the son of the woman." Her brother said: "If he committed a crime, it would be upon me, and yet his inheritance is for this one?" He said: "Yes."
(1) Its documentation was previously cited on page 244. (2) In A there is an addition: "the masters". (3) In M: "for someone else". (4) Narrated by al-Tirmidhi in: The Chapter on what has been said regarding wealth belonging to the heirs... from the Chapters of Inheritance. Aridat al-Ahwadhi 8/260-262. And al-Nasa’i in: The Chapter on the blood money for a woman’s fetus, from the Book of Qasamah. al-Mujtaba 8/42. (5) It is omitted from: M.
يُخَلِّفْ عَصَبةً من نَسَبِ مَوْلاه، فمالُه لِمَوْلَى مَوْلاه، ثم لأقْربِ عَصَباتِه، ثم لِمَوْلَى مَوْلاه، فإذا انْقَرضَ عَصَباتُه ومَوَالِى الْمَوَالِى وعَصَباتُهم، فمالُه لبيتِ المالِ.
١٠٦٥ - مسألة؛ قال: (ومَنْ أعْتَقَ عَبْدًا، فَوَلَاؤُه لِابْنِهِ، وعَقْلُهُ عَلَى عَصَبَتِهِ)
هذه المسألةُ محمولةٌ على أَنَّ المُعْتِقَ لم يُخَلِّفْ عَصَبةً من نَسَبِه، ولا وارثًا منهمْ، إذ لو خَلَّفَ وارِثًا من نَسَبِه أو عَصَبتِه، كانوا أحَقَّ بمِيراثه وعَقْلِه من عَصَباتِ مَوْلاه ووَلدِه، فليس فى ذلك إشكالٌ. وإذا لم يُخَلِّفْ إلَّا ابنَ مَوْلاه وعَصَبةَ مَوْلاه، فمالُه لابنِ مَوْلاه؛ لأنَّه أقْربُ عَصَباتِ المُعْتِقِ، وعَقْلُه إن جَنَى جِنَايةً على عَصَبةِ مَوْلاه إن كان المُعْتِقُ امرأةً؛ لما رَوَى إبراهيمُ قال: اخْتَصمَ علىٌّ والزُّبَيْرُ فى مَوْلَى صَفِيَّةَ فقال علىٌّ: مولى عَمّتِى وأنا أعْقِلُ عنه، وقال الزبيرُ: مَوْلَى أُمِّى وأنا أرِثُه. فقضَى عمرُ للزُّبَيْرِ بالمِيراثِ، وقضَى على علىٍّ بالعَقْلِ. ذكر هذا الإِمامُ أحمدُ، ورواه سعيدٌ فى "السُّنَنِ" (١) وغيرُه، وهى قَضِيَّةٌ مَشْهورة، وعن الشَّعْبِىِّ قال: قَضَى بِوَلَاءِ (٢) صَفِيَّةَ لِلزُّبَيْرِ دُونَ الْعَبَّاسِ، وقَضَى بِوَلَاءِ أُمِّ هَانِئ لِجَعْدةَ بنِ هُبَيْرةَ دون علىٍّ (١). ولا يمتنعُ كَوْنُ العَقْلِ على العَصَبةِ والميراثِ لغيرِهم (٣)، كما قَضَى النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- بميراثِ التى قُتِلَتْ هى وجَنِينُها لبَنِيها، وعَقْلِها على العَصَبةِ (٤). وقد رَوَى زيادُ بن أبى مَرْيمَ، أَنَّ امرأةً أعْتَقَتْ عبدًا لها، ثم تُوُفِّيَتْ وتركتْ ابْنًا لها وأخاها، ثم تُوُفِّىَ مَوْلاهما من بعدِها، فأتَى أخو المرأةِ وابنُها رسولَ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- فى مِيراثِه، فقال عليه السلام: "مِيرَاثُه لِابْنِ الْمَرْأةِ". فقال أخوها: لو جَرَّ (٥) جَرِيرةً كانتْ
(١) تقدم تخريجه فى صفحة ٢٤٤.(٢) فى أزيادة: "موالى".(٣) فى م: "لغيره".(٤) أخرجه الترمذى، فى: باب ما جاء أن الأموال للورثة. . .، من أبواب الفرائض. عارضة الأحوذى ٨/ ٢٦٠ - ٢٦٢. والنسائى، فى: باب دية جنين المرأة، من كتاب القسامة. المجتبى ٨/ ٤٢.(٥) سقط من: م.
