{to their people} (1). And the Messenger of God (peace and blessings of God be upon him) ordered it, saying: "Render the trust to the one who entrusted you, and do not betray the one who betrayed you" (2), meaning at the time of its request. Furthermore, since it is a right for its owner to which the right of another has not attached, it is incumbent to perform it to him, like usurped property and a current debt. If he refuses to surrender it in this situation, and it is destroyed, he is liable, because he has become a usurper by virtue of withholding the property of another without his permission through a forbidden act, thus resembling a usurper. However, if he requests it at a time when it is not possible to surrender it to him, due to its distance, or due to fear on its path, or due to inability to carry it, or otherwise, he is not a transgressor for refraining from delivering it; because God Almighty does not burden a soul beyond its scope. If it is destroyed, he is not liable, due to the absence of his aggression. If he says: "Give me respite until I perform my prayer," or "until I eat, for I am hungry," or "until I sleep, for I am drowsy," or "until my food digests, for I am full," he is granted respite for that duration.
Section: The depositary is not responsible for the costs of returning it and carrying it to its owner if it is of the kind that requires costs for its transportation, regardless of whether the cost is small or great. This is because he took possession of the item for the benefit of its owner specifically, so the obligation to bear expenses for it is not binding upon him, just as if he had authorized him to keep it in the owner's property. He is only obligated to enable him to take it. If he travels with it without the permission of its owner, he must return it to its town; because he moved it further away without the owner's permission, so he is obligated to return it, like a usurper.
1071 - Issue: He said: (And if he dies while having a deposit that cannot be distinguished from his own wealth, then its owner is a creditor for it.)
The summary of this is that when a man dies [and it is established that he had] (1) a deposit that was not found in its specific form, it is a debt
(1) Surah An-Nisa: 58. (2) Its authentication was previously provided on page 256. (3) In B: "no". (4) In A, B, and M: "it is not". (5) In M: "it is destroyed". (6) In M: "the returns". (7) In the original, A, and B: "to carry it". (1) In B: "and he has".
إِلَى أَهْلِهَا} (١). وأمرَ به رسولُ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- فقال: "أَدِّ الأمانةَ إلى مَن ائْتَمَنكَ، ولَا تَخُنْ مَنْ خَانَكَ" (٢). يعنى عند طَلَبِها. ولأنَّها حَقٌّ لمالِكها لم يَتَعلَّقْ بها حَقُّ غيرِه، فلَزِمَ أداؤُها إليه، كالمَغْصوبِ والدَّيْنِ الحالِّ. فإن امْتَنعَ من دَفْعِها فى هذه الحالِ، فتَلِفَتْ، ضَمِنَها؛ لأنَّه صار غاصِبًا، لِكَوْنِه أَمْسكَ مالَ غيرِه بغيرِ إذْنِه بفِعْلٍ مُحَرَّمٍ، فأشْبَهَ الغاصبَ. فأمَّا إن طَلَبها فى وقتٍ لم (٣) يُمْكِنْ (٤) دَفْعُها إليه، لبُعْدِها، أو لمَخافةٍ فى طرِيقِهَا، أو للعَجْزِ عن حَمْلِها، أو غيرِ ذلك، لم يكُنْ متعدِّيًا بتَرْكِ تَسْلِيمِها؛ لأنَّ اللَّهَ تعالى لا يُكَلِّفُ نَفْسًا إلَّا وُسْعَها. وإن تَلِفَتْ (٥) لم يَضْمَنْها؛ لعدَمِ عُدْوانِه. وإن قال: أمْهِلُونِى حتَّى أقْضِىَ صَلاِتى، أو آكُلَ، فإنى جائعٌ، أو أنامَ فإنِّى ناعِسٌ، أو يَنْهَضِمَ عنى الطعامُ فإنِّى مُمْتَلِىءٌ. أُمْهِلَ بقَدْرِ ذلك.
فصل: وليس على المُسْتَوْدَعِ مُؤْنَةُ الرَّدِّ (٦) وحَمْلُها إلى رَبِّها إذا كانت ممَّا لِحَمْلِه (٧) مُؤْنَةٌ، قَلَّتِ المُؤْنةُ أو كَثَرُتْ؛ لأنَّه قَبَضَ العَيْنَ لمَنْفَعةِ مالِكِها على الخُصُوصِ، فلم تَلْزَمْه الغَرامةُ عليها، كما لو وَكَّلَه فى حِفْظِها فى مِلْكِ صاحِبِها، وإنَّما عليه التَّمْكِينُ من أخْذِها. وإن سافرَ بها بغيرِ إذْنِ رَبِّها، فعليه رَدُّها إلى بَلَدِها؛ لأنَّه أَبْعدَها بغير إذنِ رَبِّها، فلَزِمَهُ رَدُّها، كالغاصبِ.
١٠٧١ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَإذَا مَاتَ وعِنْدهُ وَدِيعَةٌ لَا تَتَميَّزُ مِنْ مَالِهِ، فَصَاحِبُهَا غَرِيمٌ بِهَا)
وجملتُه أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ إذا مات، [وَثَبَتَ أن عندَه] (١) وَدِيعةً لم تُوجَدْ بعَيْنِها، فهى دَيْنٌ
(١) سورة النساء ٥٨.(٢) تقدم تخريجه فى صفحة ٢٥٦.(٣) فى ب: "لا".(٤) فى أ، ب، م: "يكن".(٥) فى م: "تلف".(٦) فى م: "الردود".(٧) فى الأصل، أ، ب: "لحملها".(١) فى ب: "وعنده".