a Muslim as a means of purification for him, which is Zakat; we have already mentioned it. It is reported that Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, recited His saying, the Almighty: {Alms are for the poor and the needy} until he reached: {all-knowing, wise}. Then he said: 'This is for these people.' Then he recited: {And know that anything you take as war booty, to Allah belongs a fifth of it} until he reached: {and the wayfarer}. Then he said: 'This is for these people.' Then he recited: {Whatever Allah restored to His Messenger from the people of the towns} until he reached: {and those who came after them}. Then he said: 'This encompasses the Muslims in general, and if I live, the shepherd in the mountains of Himyar will receive his share of it without his forehead sweating over it.'
Section: War spoils were not permissible for the nations of the past. Allah, the Almighty, knew our weakness, so He made them wholesome for us out of mercy and compassion for us, and as an honor to our Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. It was narrated from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, that he said: "I have been given five things that no prophet before me was given." He mentioned among them: "War spoils have been made permissible for me." [Agreed upon]. Sa'id said: Abu Mu'awiya narrated to us, from al-A'mash, from Abu Salih, from Abu
(3) Surah at-Tawbah: 60. (4) Surah al-Anfal: 41. (5) Surah al-Hashr: 7-10. (6) The 'Saru' of a mountain: that which is higher than the flow of a flood and slopes down from the rugged part of the mountain. From this is 'Saru Himyar', referring to their dwellings in the land of Yemen, and it refers to several locations. See: Mu'jam al-Buldan 3/89. (7) In A and M: "bihi" (with it). In Sunan al-Bayhaqi: "fihi" (in it). (8) Extracted by al-Bayhaqi, in: 'Chapter: What has been reported regarding the saying of the Commander of the Faithful Umar...', from the Book of the Division of Fai' and War Booty. Sunan al-Kubra 6/352. (9) Omitted from the Original, A, and B. The extraction of this Hadith has already preceded in: 1/13. His statement, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, "War spoils have been made permissible for me" in singular form, was extracted by al-Bukhari, in: 'Chapter: The saying of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him: War spoils have been made permissible for you', from the Book of the Fifth. Sahih al-Bukhari 4/104. (10) In: 'Chapter: Jami' al-Shahada', Sunan Sa'id ibn Mansur 2/324, 325. It was also extracted by al-Tirmidhi, in: 'Chapter: Surah al-Anfal, Verse 67', from the Chapters of Tafsir. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 11/221, 222. And by Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 2/252.
مُسْلمٍ تَطْهِيرًا له، وهو الزكاةُ، وقد ذكَرْناها. يُرْوَى أن عمرَ، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنه، قرأ قولَه تعالى: {إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ} حتَّى بَلَغ: {عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ} (٣). ثمَّ قال: هذه لهؤلاءِ. ثمَّ قَرَأ: {وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ} حتَّى بلَغ: {وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ} (٤). ثمَّ قال: هذه لهؤلاءِ. ثمَّ قرأ: {مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى} حتى بَلَغَ: {وَالَّذِينَ جَاءُوا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ} (٥). ثمَّ قال: هذه اسْتَوْعَبَتِ المسلمينَ عامَّة، ولئِنْ عِشْتُ ليَأْتِيَنَّ الرَّاعِىَ وهو بسَرْو حِمْيَرَ (٦) نَصِيبُه منها، لم يَعْرَقْ فيها (٧) جَبِينُه (٨).
فصل: ولم تكُنِ الغنائمُ تَحِلُّ لِمَنْ مَضَى من الأُمَمِ وإنَّما عَلِمَ اللَّهُ تعالى ضَعْفَنا، فطَيَّبَها لنا، رَحمةً لنا، ورَأفةً بِنَا، وكرامةً لِنَبِيِّنا -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-. رُوِىَ عن النبىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أنَّه قال: "أُعْطِيتُ خَمْسًا يُعْطهُنَّ نَبِىُّ قَبْلِى". فذَكَرَ فيها: "أُحِلَّتْ لِىَ الْغَنَائِمُ". [متفقٌ عليه] (٩). وقال سعيدٌ (١٠): حدَّثنا أبو معاويةَ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن أبى صالحٍ، عن أبى
(٣) سورة التوبة ٦٠.(٤) سورة الأنفال ٤١.(٥) سورة الحشر ٧ - ١٠.(٦) السرو من الجبل: ما ارتفع عن مجرى السيل، وانحدر عن غلظ الجبل، ومنه سرو حمير لمنازلهم بأرض اليمن، وهو عدة مواضع. انظر: معجم البلدان ٣/ ٨٩.(٧) فى أ، م: "به". وفى سنن البيهقى: "فيه".(٨) أخرجه البيهقى، فى: باب ما جاء فى قول أمير المؤمنين عمر. . .، من كتاب قسم الفىء والغنيمة. السنن الكبرى ٦/ ٣٥٢.(٩) سقط من: الأصل، أ، ب.وتقدم تخرج الحديث فى: ١/ ١٣.وقوله -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "أحلت لى الغنائم" مفردا، أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب قول النبى -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: أحلت لكم الغنائم، من كتاب الخمس. صحيح البخارى ٤/ ١٠٤.(١٠) فى: باب جامع الشهادة، سنن سعيد بن منصور ٢/ ٣٢٤، ٣٢٥.كما أخرجه الترمذى، فى: باب سورة الأنفال الآية ٦٧، من أبواب التفسير. عارضة الأحوذى ١١/ ٢٢١، ٢٢٢. والإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٢/ ٢٥٢.
