Messenger of Allah from the people of the towns}, the verse, and those named in the two verses are one and the same.
Fourth Section: The fifth is divided into (14) five shares. This was stated by 'Ata', Mujahid, al-Sha'bi, al-Nakha'i, Qatada, Ibn Jurayj, and al-Shafi'i. It has been said that it is divided into six: a share for Allah the Almighty and a share for His Messenger, due to the apparent meaning of the saying of Allah the Almighty: {And know that anything you take as war booty, then for Allah is its fifth and for the Messenger and for the near relative and the orphans and the needy and the wayfarer}. He enumerated six, and Allah the Almighty established a sixth share for Himself, which is redirected to the servants of Allah who are in need. Abu al-'Aliyah said: The share of Allah the Almighty is that when he sets aside the fifth, he reaches into it with his hand (15), and whatever he happens to grasp of something, he designates it for the Ka'bah, and that is what is named for Allah the Almighty; do not assign a portion to Him, for to Allah belongs the world and the Hereafter, then he divides the remainder of the share he set aside into five shares. It has been narrated from al-Hasan and Qatada regarding the share of the near relative that it was a provision for the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, during his lifetime, and when he passed away, Abu Bakr and 'Umar allocated it to the cause of Allah (16). Ibn 'Abbas narrated that Abu Bakr and 'Umar divided the fifth into three shares (17). Similar to this was narrated (18) from (15) al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah (19). This is the position of the jurists (Ashab al-Ra'y), as they said: The fifth is divided into three: the orphans, the needy, and the wayfarer, and they dropped the share of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, upon his death, and the share of his kin as well.
(14) In M: "ila" (to). (15) Omitted from M. (16) Extracted by al-Bayhaqi, in: The chapter on the share of the near relative from the fifth, from the Book of the Division of Fay' and Ghanima. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 6/342, 343 on the authority of al-Hasan. And 'Abd al-Razzaq, in: The chapter on mentioning the fifth and the share of the near relatives, from the Book of Jihad. Al-Musannaf 5/238, 239 on the authority of al-Hasan. And al-Tabari, in: The chapter on the interpretation of Surah al-Anfal, verse no. 41. Tafsir al-Tabari 10/6, 7 on the authority of al-Hasan and Qatada. (17) See Nasb al-Rayah, in the Book of Conduct (Siyar) 3/424. And al-Tabari, in: The chapter on the interpretation of Surah al-Anfal, verse no. 41, Tafsir al-Tabari 10/7. On the authority of Abu Bakr. (18) In A: "yuhka" (it is narrated). (19) Al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah al-Hashimi al-'Alawi was one of the wise men and scholars of the Banu Hashim. He died in the year 101 AH. It is also said: in the year 95 AH. Al-'Ibar 1/122.
رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى} الآية، والمُسَمَّوْنَ فى الآيتَيْنِ شىءٌ واحدٌ.
الفصل الرابع: أَنَّ الخُمسَ يُقَسَّمُ على (١٤) خَمْسةِ أَسْهُمٍ. وبهذا قال عَطاءٌ، ومُجاهِدٌ، والشَّعْبِىُّ، والنَّخعِىُّ، وقَتادةُ، وابنُ جُرَيجٍ والشَّافعىُّ. وقيل: يُقَسَّمُ على سِتّةٍ؛ سَهْمٌ للَّهِ تعالى، وسهمٌ لرَسُولِه، لظاهرِ قولِه تعالى: {وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِى الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ}. فعَدَّ سِتَّةً، وجَعَلَ اللَّه تعالَى لنَفْسِه سَهْمًا سادِسًا، وهو مَرْدُودٌ على عبادِ اللَّهِ أهلِ الحاجةِ، وقال أبو الْعَالِيَةِ: سَهْمُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وجلَّ هو أنَّه إذا عَزلَ الخمسَ ضَرَبَ بيَدِه فيه (١٥)، فما قَبَضَ عليه من شيْءٍ جَعَلَه للكَعْبةِ، فهو الذى سُمِّىَ للَّهِ تعالى لاتَجْعَلُوا له نَصِيبًا، فإنَّ للَّهِ الدُّنْيا والآخرةَ، ثمَّ يُقَسِّمُ بَقِيَّةَ السَّهْم الذى عَزَلَه على خَمْسةِ أسْهُمٍ. ورُوِىَ عن الحَسَنِ، وقتادةَ، فى سَهْمِ ذِى القُرْبَى، كانت طُعْمَةً لِرَسولِ اللَّهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- فى حياتِه، فلما تُوُفِّىَ حَمَلَ عليه أبو بكرٍ وعمرُ فى سَبِيلِ اللَّه (١٦). ورَوَى ابنُ عْباسٍ، أن أبا بكرٍ وعمرَ قَسَّما الخمسَ على ثلاثةِ أسهمٍ (١٧). ونحوُه حُكِىَ (١٨) عن (١٥) الحسنِ بن محمدِ بن الحَنَفِيَّةِ (١٩). وهو قولُ أصْحابِ الرَّأْىِ، قالوا: يُقَسّمُ الخمسُ على ثلاثةٍ؛ اليَتامَى،
(١٤) فى م: "إلى".(١٥) سقط من: م.(١٦) أخرجه البيهقى، فى: باب سهم ذى القربى من الخمس، من كتاب قسم الفىء والغنيمة. السنن الكبرى ٦/ ٣٤٢، ٣٤٣ عن الحسن. وعبد الرزاق، فى: باب ذكر الخمس وسهم ذوى القربى، من كتاب الجهاد. المصنف ٥/ ٢٣٨، ٢٣٩. عن الحسن والطبرى، فى: باب تفسير سورة الأنفال، الآية رقم ٤١. تفسير الطبرى ١٠/ ٦، ٧. عن الحسن وقتادة.(١٧) انظر نصب الراية، فى كتاب السير ٣/ ٤٢٤. والطبرى، فى: باب تفسير سورة الأنفال، الآية رقم ٤١، تفسير الطبرى ١٠/ ٧. عن أبى بكر.(١٨) فى أ: "يحكى".(١٩) الحسن بن عمد بن الحنفية الهاشمى العلوى، كان من عقلاء بنى هاشم وعلمائهم. توفى سنة إحدى ومائة. وقيل: فى سنة خمس وتسعين. العبر ١/ ١٢٢.
