Abu Umamah, from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Also because Allah, the Exalted, said: "And know that anything you take as spoils, then to Allah is its fifth." The implication of this is that the remainder belongs to the warriors. Our evidence is what Abu Dawud narrated, with his chain of transmission, that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, wrote to the Banu Zuhayr ibn Uqaysh: "If you testify that there is no god but Allah, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and you perform the Zakat, and you pay the fifth of the spoils, and the share of the safiyy, then you are safe with the security of Allah and His Messenger." In the hadith of the delegation of 'Abd al-Qays, which was narrated by Ibn Abbas: "And that they should give the share of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and the safiyy." Aisha said: "Safiyyah was from the safiyy." Narrated by Abu Dawud. As for its cessation after the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, it is established by the consensus of the Ummah before and after Abu Thawr, and the fact that Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and those after them did not take it, nor did any of them mention it, and they would not agree on abandoning the Sunnah of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
1079 - Issue: He said: "And a fifth divided among the pure lineage (salibah) of the Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib, the two sons of Abd Manaf, wherever they may be, for the male the like of the portion of two females."
He means by his statement "among the pure lineage of the Banu Hashim," his own offspring, excluding those counted with them from their clients (mawali) and allies (hulafa). This issue contains five sections:
= the narration of 'Amr ibn 'Abasah, and see: Irwa' al-Ghalil 5/73, 74. As for the narration of Abu Umamah, it was extracted by al-Nasa'i, in: The Book of the Division of Fay'. Al-Mujtaba 7/119. And al-Bayhaqi, in: The chapter on the clarification of the expenditure of the fifth of the fifth, from the Book of the Division of Fay' and Spoils..., Al-Sunan al-Kubra 6/303. And al-Hakim, in: The chapter on mentioning the Anfal and spoils, from the Book of Military Expeditions. Al-Mustadrak 3/49. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 5/318, 319. (13) Surah al-Anfal: 41. (14) In: The chapter on what has been narrated regarding the share of the safiyy, from the Book of Leadership. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/138. It was also extracted by al-Nasa'i, in: The Book of the Division of Fay'. Al-Mujtaba 7/121. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 5/78, 363. (15) In the original and A: "Aqis". In B and M: "Qays". The correction is from Sunan Abi Dawud. (16) In M: "you performed". (17) Extracted by al-Bayhaqi, in: The chapter on the share of the safiyy, from the Book of the Division of Fay' and Spoils. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 6/303. (18) In: The chapter on what has been narrated regarding the share of the safiyy, from the Book of Leadership. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/137. It was also extracted by al-Hakim, in: The Book of the Division of Fay', and in: The chapter on the Prophet's appropriation of his sword Dhu al-Fiqar..., from the Book of Military Expeditions. Al-Mustadrak 2/128, 3/39.
أَبى أُمَامةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-. ولأنَّ اللَّه تعالى قال: {وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ} (١٣). فمَفْهُومُه أَنَّ باقِيهَا للغانِمينَ. ولَنا، ما رَوَى أبو داودَ (١٤)، بإسْنادِه، أَنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- كَتَبَ إلى بنى زُهَيْرِ بن أُقَيْشٍ (١٥): "إِنَّكُمْ إنْ شَهِدْتُمْ أنْ لَا إلهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، وَآتَيْتُمُ (١٦) الزَّكَاةَ، وأَدَّيْتُمُ الْخُمْسَ مِنَ الْمَغْنَمِ، وسَهْمَ الصَّفِىِّ، إنَّكُمْ آمِنُونَ بِأمَانِ اللَّهِ ورَسُولِهِ". وفى حديثِ وَفْدِ عَبْدِ الْقَيْس، الذى روَاه ابنُ عباسٍ: "وَأَنْ يُعْطُوا سَهْمَ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، والصَّفِىَّ" (١٧). وقالت عائشةُ: كانت صَفِيَّةُ من الصَّفِىِّ. رَوَاه أبو داودَ (١٨). وأمَّا انْقِطاعُه بعدَ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، فثابتٌ بإجْماعِ الأُمَّةِ قبلَ أبى ثَوْرٍ وبعدَه عليه، وكونِ أبى بكرٍ وعمرَ وعثمانَ ومَنْ بعدَهم لم يأْخُذُوه، ولا ذَكَره أحدٌ منهم، ولا يُجْمِعُون على تَرْكِ سُنَّةِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-.
١٠٧٩ - مسألة؛ قال: (وخُمْسٌ مَقْسُومٌ فِى صَلِيبَةِ بَنِى هَاشِمٍ وبَنِى المُطَّلِبِ ابْنَىْ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ، حَيْثُ كَانُوا، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثيَيْنِ)
يعنى بقوله: "فى صَلِيبةِ بَنِى هاشِمٍ". أولادَه دون مَنْ يُعَدُّ معهم مِنْ مَوَالِيهِم وحُلَفائِهِم. وفى هذه المسألة فصولٌ خمسةٌ:
= رواية عمرو بن عبسة، وانظر: إرواء الغليل ٥/ ٧٣، ٧٤.أما رواية أبى أمامة، فأخرجها النسائى، فى: كتاب قسم الفىء. المجتبى ٧/ ١١٩. والبهى، فى: باب بيان مصرف خمس الخمس، من كتاب قسم الفىء والغنيمة. . . .، السنن الكبرى ٦/ ٣٠٣. والحاكم، فى: باب ذكر الأنفال والغنائم، من كتاب المغازى. المستدرك ٣/ ٤٩. والإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٥/ ٣١٨، ٣١٩.(١٣) سورة الأنفال ٤١.(١٤) فى: باب ما جاء فى سهم الصفى، من كتاب الإمارة. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ١٣٨.كما أخرجه النسائى، فى: كتاب قسم الفىء. المجتبى ٧/ ١٢١. والإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٥/ ٧٨، ٣٦٣.(١٥) فى الأصل، أ: "أقيس". وفى ب، م: "قيس". والتصويب من سنن أبى داود.(١٦) فى م: "أديتم".(١٧) أخرجه البيهقى، فى: باب سهم الصفى، من كتاب قسم الفىء والغنيمة. السنن الكبرى ٦/ ٣٠٣.(١٨) فى: باب ما جاء فى سهم الصفى، من كتاب الإمارة. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ١٣٧.كما أخرجه الحاكم، فى: كتاب قسم الفىء، وفى: باب تنفل رسول اللَّه سيفه ذو الفقار. . .، من كتاب المغازى. المستدرك ٢/ ١٢٨، ٣/ ٣٩.
