the miskin status from him (17), despite its existence in him in reality, as a hyperbole to affirm it in the one who does not ask people, just as he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "The strong is not the one who throws others down, but the strong is the one who controls himself during anger" (18). He also said: "Who do you consider to be the raqub among you?" They said: "The one who has no surviving children." He said: "No, rather the raqub is the one who has not sent forth any of his children [ahead to the afterlife]." (19) And he said: "Who do you consider to be the bankrupt (muflis) among you?" They said: "The one who has no dirham and no goods." He said: "No, but the bankrupt is the one who comes on the Day of Resurrection with prayers, fasting, and zakat, but he comes having insulted this person, slandered this person, consumed the wealth of this person, shed the blood of this person, and struck this person. So this person will be given some of his good deeds, and this person will be given some of his good deeds; and if his good deeds run out before the [debts] are fulfilled, some of their bad deeds will be taken and cast upon him, then he will be cast into the Fire" (20).

Section: Whoever has an income that suffices for himself and his family—if he has a family—and possesses the measure of his daily sufficiency from the rent of a property, the yield of a slave, or grazing livestock, he is considered wealthy (ghani) and has no right to zakat. This is the opinion of Ibn Umar, al-Shafi'i, and Ishaq (21). Abu Hanifa said: If he does not possess a nisab (minimum taxable threshold), he is permitted to take from it, due to the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "Inform them that they have a charity that is taken from their wealthy ones and returned to their poor ones" (22). Thus, he defined the wealthy person as the one from whom charity is taken, and it is only taken from the nisab. Furthermore, because this person does not own a nisab, nor its equivalent, it is permissible for him to take it, like one who lacks sufficiency. Our argument is what was narrated by Abdullah bin Adi bin al-Khiyar, that two men came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) while he was distributing charity, and they asked him for something from it. He looked them up and down, then said to them: "If you wish, I will give you from it, but there is no share in it for a wealthy person, nor for a strong, able-bodied person." Narrated by Abu Dawud, and narrated by Imam Ahmad (22) from Yahya bin Said, from Hisham bin Urwah, from his father, from Ubaydullah. He said: "This is the best of them in terms of isnad (chain of transmission); what an excellent hadith! I do not know of anything narrated on this subject better than this." It was said to him: "What about the hadith from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): 'Charity is not lawful for a wealthy person, nor for one with strength and soundness'?" (24) He replied: "I do not know of anything in it that is authentic." It was said to him: "Salim bin Abi al-Ja'd narrates it from Abu Hurayrah, from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)." He said: "Salim did not hear from Abu Hurayrah." Wealth (ghina) varies: there is wealth that makes zakat obligatory, wealth that prohibits taking it, and wealth that prohibits begging. This differs from what they used for qiyas (analogy) here, for this person is in need of it, and charity is the impurities of people, so it is not permitted except in cases of need. As for this [person] in dispute, he is not in need of it, so it is not permitted for him.

Section: If a man is healthy and able-bodied, and mentions that he has no earnings, he shall be given from it, and his word is accepted without oath, provided his lying is not known with certainty; he is not to be made to swear an oath, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) gave the two men who asked him, and he did not make them swear an oath. In some of its narrations, it states that he said: "We came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and asked him for charity, and he looked us up and down (25), and seeing us as able-bodied, he said: 'If you wish, I will give you.'" And he mentioned the hadith.

Section: If he claims that he has a family, the judge and Abu al-Khattab said: He is to be believed (26) and given.