1088 - Issue: He said: (And those whose hearts are to be reconciled, and they are the polytheists who are to be reconciled to Islam).
This is the fourth category of the recipients of Zakat. Abu Hanifah said: Their share has been discontinued. This is one of the opinions of al-Shafi'i, based on what was narrated: a polytheist came to 'Umar asking for wealth, and he did not give him anything, saying: {So whoever wills, let him believe, and whoever wills, let him disbelieve} (1). It was not reported from 'Umar, 'Uthman, or 'Ali that they gave anything of this, and because Allah the Almighty manifested Islam and suppressed the polytheists, so we have no need for reconciliation (ta'lif). Hanbal narrated from Ahmad that he said: The rule concerning those whose hearts are to be reconciled has been discontinued today. The school of thought is contrary to what Hanbal narrated, and perhaps the meaning of Ahmad's statement, "their rule has been discontinued," means that there is generally no need for them, or he intended that the Imams today do not give them anything (2). As for if there is a need for them, it is permissible to give to them; it is not permissible to give to them except when there is a need. As for us, we have as evidence for the permissibility of giving to them the saying of Allah the Almighty: {And those whose hearts are to be reconciled} (3). This verse is in Surah Bara'ah (al-Tawbah), and it is among (4) the last of what was revealed of the Qur'an to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). It has been established that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) gave to those to be reconciled among the polytheists and the Muslims (5). Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) gave to 'Adi ibn Hatim thirty camels when he came to him with three hundred camels from the charity camels. Opposing the Book of Allah the Almighty and the Sunnah of His Messenger, and disregarding them (6) without evidence is not permissible, and abrogation is not proven by the cessation of...
(1) Surah al-Kahf: 29. In the manuscripts: "Man sha'a fa-li-yu'min" is an error. (2) Omitted from: A. (3) Surah al-Tawbah: 60. (4) Omitted from: M. (5) Reported by al-Bukhari, in: Chapter: His saying "And those whose hearts are to be reconciled," from the Book of Tafsir. Sahih al-Bukhari 6/84. And Muslim, in: Chapter: Giving to those whose hearts are to be reconciled to Islam..., from the Book of Zakat. Sahih Muslim 2/738. And al-Tirmidhi, in: Chapter: What has been reported regarding giving to those whose hearts are to be reconciled, from the Chapters on Zakat. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 3/171. And al-Nasa'i, in: Chapter: Those whose hearts are to be reconciled, from the Book of Zakat. Al-Mujtaba 5/65. (6) In A and M: "wa-itrahaha" (and discarding them).
١٠٨٨ - مسألة؛ قال: (والمُؤَلَّفةُ قُلُوبُهُمْ، وهُمُ المُشْرِكُونَ المُتَأَلَّفُونَ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ)
هذا الصِّنْفُ الرَّابعُ من أصْنافِ الزكاةِ المُسْتَحِقُّون لها. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: انْقَطَعَ سَهْمُهُم. وهو أحدُ أقوالِ الشافعىِّ؛ لما رُوِىَ أَنَّ مُشْركًا جاء يَلْتَمِسُ من عمرَ مالًا، فلم يُعْطِه، وقال: {فَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيُؤْمِنْ وَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَكْفُرْ} (١). ولم يُنْقَلْ عن عمرَ ولا عثمانَ ولا علىٍّ أنَّهم أعْطَوْا شيئا من ذلك، ولأنَّ اللَّه تعالى أظهرَ الإِسلامَ، وقَمَعَ المُشْرِكينَ, فلا حاجةَ بنا إلى التَّأْليفِ. وحكى حَنْبَلٌ، عن أحمدَ، أنَّه قال: المُؤَلّفةُ قد انْقَطَعَ حُكْمُهُم اليومَ. والمَذْهَبُ على خلافِ ما حكاه حَنْبَلٌ، ولعلَّ معنَى قولِ أحمدَ: انْقَطَعَ حُكْمُهم. أى لا يُحْتاجُ إليهم فِى الغالبِ، أو أراد أَنَّ الأئِمَّةَ لا يُعْطُونَهم اليوم (٢) شيئا، فأما إن احتاجَ إليهم جازَ الدَّفْعُ إليهم، فلا يجوزُ الدفعُ إليهم إلَّا مع الحاجةِ. ولَنا، على جَوازِ الدَّفْعِ إليهم قولُ اللَّه تعالى: {وَالْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ} (٣). وهذه الآية فى سُورة بَرَاءة، وهى من (٤) آخرِ ما نَزَلَ من القرآنِ على رسولِ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-. وقد ثَبَتَ أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أعْطَى المُؤَلَّفةَ من المشركينَ والمسلمينَ (٥). وأعْطَى أبو بكرٍ، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنه، عَدِىَّ بن حاتمٍ، وقد قدِمَ عليه بثَلاثِمائةِ جَمَلٍ من إبلِ الصَّدَقةِ، ثَلاثينَ بَعِيرًا. ومخالفةُ كتابِ اللَّه تعالى، وسُنَّةِ رسولِه، واطِّرَاحُهما (٦) بلا حُجّةٍ لا يجوزُ، ولا يَثْبُتُ النَّسْخُ بتَرْكِ
(١) سورة الكهف ٢٩. وفى النسخ: "من شاء فليؤمن" خطأ.(٢) سقط من: أ.(٣) سورة التوبة ٦٠.(٤) سقط من: م.(٥) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب قوله: "والمؤلفة قلوبهم"، من كتاب التفسير. صحيح البخارى ٦/ ٨٤. ومسلم، فى: باب إعطاء المؤلفة قلوبهم على الإِسلام. . .، من كتاب الزكاة. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ٧٣٨. والترمذى، فى: باب ما جاء فى إعطاء المؤلفة قلوبهم، من أبواب الزكاة. عارضة الأحوذى ٣/ ١٧١. والنسائى، فى: باب المؤلفة قلوبهم، من كتاب الزكاة. المجتبى ٥/ ٦٥.(٦) فى أ، م: "واطراحها".
