…whose faith I have no guarantee for, and I have entrusted you to your own faith?" (11). Al-Bukhari (12) reported with his chain of narration from ‘Amr ibn Taghlib that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) gave to some people and withheld from others. It reached him that those from whom he withheld were displeased, so he ascended the pulpit, praised and glorified Allah, then said: "I give to some people and withhold from others, and the one I withhold from is dearer to me than the one I give to. I give to people because of the anxiety and impatience in their hearts, and I entrust others to the richness and goodness in their hearts; among them is ‘Amr ibn Taghlib." From Anas, he said: When Allah granted the spoils of Hawazin to His Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) began giving some men from Quraysh one hundred camels. Some people of the Ansar said: "May Allah forgive the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him); he gives to Quraysh and withholds from us, while our swords are dripping with their blood." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) then said: "I give to men who are recently converted to Islam, to reconcile their hearts." (Agreed upon) (14). The third type is a group on the borders of the lands of Islam who, if they are given, defend the Muslims who are behind them. The fourth type: a group who, if they are given, collect the Zakat from those who would not give it otherwise except out of fear. [All of these] (15) may be given from the Zakat because they are among those whose hearts are to be reconciled, thus they enter into the generality of the verse.
(11) Reported by Muslim, in: Chapter: Giving to those whose hearts are to be reconciled to Islam..., from the Book of Zakat. Sahih Muslim 2/738, 739. And al-Nasa'i, in: Chapter: Those whose hearts are to be reconciled, from the Book of Zakat. Al-Mujtaba 5/65. (12) In: Chapter: Who says in the sermon after praise: "Amma ba‘d" (As to what follows), from the Book of Jumu‘ah; and in: Chapter: What the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to give to those whose hearts are to be reconciled from the Khums (one-fifth) and similar..., from the Book of Khums; and in: Chapter: The saying of Allah the Exalted: {Indeed, mankind was created anxious...}, from the Book of Tawhid. Sahih al-Bukhari 2/13, 4/114, 9/191. It was also reported by Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 5/69. (13) In the original, A, B: "Hadith ‘ahd". In M: "Hudatha’ ‘ahd". In al-Bukhari: "Hadith ‘ahduhum". What is established is in Sahih Muslim. (14) Reported by al-Bukhari, in: Chapter: What the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to give to those whose hearts are to be reconciled from the Khums (one-fifth) and similar, from the Book of Khums. Sahih al-Bukhari 4/114. And Muslim, in: Chapter: Giving to those whose hearts are to be reconciled and those whose faith is feared for, from the Book of Zakat. Sahih Muslim 2/733-737. It was also reported by Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 3/166. (15) In A: "Fa-ha'ula'i" (these are).
لَا إِيَمانَ لَهُمْ، وَوَكَلْتُكُمْ إلَى إِيمَانِكُمْ؟ " (١١). ورَوَى البخارىُّ (١٢)، بإسْنادِه عن عَمْرِو بن تَغْلِبَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أعْطَى أُناسًا وَتَرَكَ أناسًا، فبَلَغَه عن الذينَ تَرَكَ أنَّهم عَتَبُوا، فصَعَدَ المِنْبَرَ، فحَمدَ اللَّه وأَثْنَى عليه، ثم قال: "إنِّى أُعْطِى أُنَاسًا وأَدَعُ أُنَاسًا، والَّذى أَدَعُ أحَبُّ إلىَّ مِنَ الَّذِى أُعْطِى، أُعْطِى أُنَاسًا لِمَا فِى قُلُوبِهِم مِنَ الْجَزَعِ والْهَلَعِ، وأكِلُ أُنَاسًا إلَى مَا فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ مِنَ الْغِنَى والْخَيْرِ؛ مِنْهُمْ عَمْرُو بن تَغْلبَ". وعن أنَسٍ، قال: حين أفاءَ اللَّه على رسولِه أمْوالَ هوازِنَ، طَفِقَ رسولُ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- يُعْطِى رِجالًا من قريشٍ مائةً من الإِبِلِ، فقال ناسٌ من الأنْصارِ: يَغْفِرُ اللَّه لرسولِ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، يُعْطِى قُرَيْشًا ويَمْنَعُنا، وسُيُوفُنا تَقْطُرُ من دِمائِهِم. فقال رسولُ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "إنِّى أُعْطِى رِجَالًا [حَدِيثِى عَهْدٍ] (١٣) بكُفْرٍ أتَأَلَّفُهُم". متفقٌ عليه (١٤). الضَّرب الثالث، قومٌ فى طَرَفِ بِلادِ الإِسْلامِ، إذا أُعْطُوا دَفَعُوا عَمّنْ يَلِيهم من المُسْلمينَ. الضَّرْب الرابع: قومٌ إذا أُعْطُوا أَجْبُوا الزكاةَ ممَّن لا يُعْطِيها إلَّا أن يَخافَ. [وكلُّ هؤلاء] (١٥) يجوزُ الدَّفْعُ إليهم من الزَّكاةِ؛ لأنَّهم من المُؤَلَّفةِ قُلُوبُهُم، فيَدْخُلُونَ فى عُمُومِ الآية.
(١١) أخرجه مسلم، فى: باب إعطاء المؤلفة قلوبهم على الإِسلام. . .، من كتاب الزكاة. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ٧٣٨، ٧٣٩. والنسائى، فى: باب المؤلفة قلوبهم، من كتاب الزكاة. المجتبى ٥/ ٦٥.(١٢) فى: باب من قال فى الخطبة بعد الثناء: أما بعد، من كتاب الجمعة، وفى: باب ما كان النبى -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- يعطى المؤلفة قلوبهم من الخمس ونحوه. . .، من كتاب الخمس، وفى: باب قول اللَّه تعالى: {إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ خُلِقَ هَلُوعًا ... }، من كتاب التوحيد. صحيح البخارى ٢/ ١٣، ٤/ ١١٤، ٩/ ١٩١.كما أخرجه الإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٥/ ٦٩.(١٣) فى الأصل، أ، ب: "حديث عهد". وفى م: "حدثاء عهد". وفى البخارى: "حديث عهدهم". والمثبت فى صحيح مسلم.(١٤) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب ما كان النبى -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- يعطى المؤلفة قلوبهم من الخمس ونحوه، من كتاب الخمس. صحيح البخارى ٤/ ١١٤. ومسلم، فى: باب إعطاء المؤلفة ومن يخاف على إيمانه، من كتاب الزكاة. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ٧٣٣ - ٧٣٧.كما أخرجه الإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٣/ ١٦٦.(١٥) فى أ: "فهؤلاء".
