I do not mention it. Ibn al-Mundhir said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) emancipated Safiyyah bint Huyayy and married her without witnesses. Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) purchased a slave girl for seven heads (slaves), and the people said: We do not know whether the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) married her or made her a mother of his child (umm walad). When he wanted to ride, he veiled her, so they knew that he had married her. This is agreed upon. He said: So they inferred his marriage to her from the veiling. Yazid ibn Harun said: Allah the Almighty commanded witnessing in sale but not in marriage, yet the scholars of the School of Opinion required witnessing for marriage, and did not require it for sale! The argument for the first [position requiring witnesses] is that it was narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that he said: "There is no marriage except with a guiding guardian and two just witnesses." Al-Khallal recorded it with his isnad (chain of narration). Al-Daraqutni also narrated from Aisha, from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), that he said: "There must be four in a marriage: the guardian, the husband, and the two witnesses." Furthermore, the right of someone other than the two contracting parties—namely the child—is linked to it, so witnessing was required for it, lest his father deny him, and his lineage be lost; this is unlike a sale. As for the marriage of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) without a guardian and without witnesses, this was one of his specific characteristics in marriage, and thus no one else can be equated with him in this regard.
(19) In A and M: "fa-tazawwajaha" (so he married her). (20) See what follows regarding the scholarly analysis of the hadith of his (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) consummating the marriage with Safiyyah. (21) In M: "Quraysh". (22) Omitted from A and B. (23) Recorded by Al-Bukhari, in: Chapter on the Battle of Khaybar, from the Book of Military Expeditions; and in: Chapter on Taking Concubines and whoever emancipates his slave girl then marries her, Chapter on whoever makes the emancipation of the slave girl her dowry, Chapter on Consummation during travel, and Chapter on the Walimah (wedding feast) even if with a sheep, from the Book of Marriage. Sahih al-Bukhari 5/168, 7/7, 8, 28, 31. Muslim, in: Chapter on the Virtue of Emancipating a Slave Girl then marrying her, from the Book of Marriage. Sahih Muslim 2/1044-1046. Abu Dawud, in: Chapter on the Man who emancipates his slave girl then marries her, from the Book of Marriage. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/474. Al-Tirmidhi, in: Chapter on what has been narrated regarding the man who emancipates a slave girl then marries her, from the Chapters on Marriage. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 5/40. Al-Nasa'i, in: Chapter on Marrying on the basis of emancipation, and Chapter on Consummation during travel, from the Book of Marriage. Al-Mujtaba 6/94, 109. Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on the Man who emancipates his slave girl then marries her, from the Book of Marriage. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/629. Al-Darimi, in: Chapter on the Slave girl whose emancipation is made her dowry, from the Book of Marriage. Sunan al-Darimi 2/154. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 3/99, 165, 170, 181, 203, 239, 242, 246, 280, 291. (24) Recorded by Al-Bayhaqi, in: Book of 'There is no marriage except with a guiding guardian', from the Book of Marriage. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 7/124. (25) In: The Book of Marriage. Sunan al-Daraqutni 3/225.
أذْكُرْه. قال ابنُ المُنْذِرِ: وقد أعْتَقَ النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- صَفِيَّةَ بنتَ حُيَىٍّ وتَزَوَّجَها (١٩) بغير شُهود (٢٠). قال أنسُ بن مالكٍ، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنه: اشتَرَى رسولُ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- جارِيةً بسَبْعةِ أرْؤُسٍ (٢١)، فقال الناسُ: ما نَدْرِى أتزَوَّجَها رسولُ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أم جَعَلَها أُمَّ وَلَدٍ؟ فلما أن (٢٢) أرادَ أن يَركَبَ حَجَبَها، فعَلِمُوا أنَّه تَزَوَّجَها. متفقٌ عليه (٢٣). قال: فاسْتَدَلُّوا على تَزْوِيجها بالحِجاب. وقال يزيدُ بن هارونَ: أمَرَ اللَّهُ تعالى بالإشْهادِ فى البَيعِ دُون النِّكاحِ، فاشْتَرطَ أصحابُ الرَّأْىِ الشَّهادةَ للنِّكاحِ، ولم يشتَرِطُوها للبَيْعِ! ووَجْهُ الأُولَى أنَّه قد رُوىَ عن النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، أنَّه قال: "لَا نِكاحَ إلَّا بِولِىٍّ مُرْشِدٍ، وشَاهِدَىْ عَدْلٍ". رواه الخَلَّالُ بإسْنادِه (٢٤). وروى الدَّارَقُطْنِىُّ (٢٥)، عن عائشةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، أنَّه قال: "لَا بُدَّ فِى النِّكَاحِ مِنْ أرْبَعَةٍ؛ الوَلِىُّ، والزَّوْجُ، والشَّاهِدَانِ". ولأنَّه يتعلَّقُ به حَقُّ غيرِ المُتَعاقِدَيْنِ، وهو الوَلَدُ، فاشْتُرِطتِ الشهادةُ فيه، لئلَّا يَجحَدَه أبُوه، فيَضِيعَ نَسَبُه، بخلاف البَيْعِ. فأمَّا نِكاحُ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- بغيرِ وَلِىٍّ وغيرِ شهودٍ، فمن خصائِصِه فى النِّكاحِ، فلا يُلْحَقُ به غيرُه.
(١٩) فى أ، م: "فتزوجها".(٢٠) انظر ما يأتى من تخرج حديث بنائه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- بصفية.(٢١) فى م: "قريش".(٢٢) سقط من: أ، ب.(٢٣) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب غزوة خيبر، من كتاب المغازى، وفى: باب فى اتخاذ السرارى ومن أعتق جاريته ثم تزوجها، وباب من جمل عتق الأمة صداقها، وباب البناء فى السفر، وباب الوليمة ولو بشاة، من كتاب النكاح. صحيح البخارى ٥/ ١٦٨، ٧/ ٧، ٨، ٢٨، ٣١. ومسلم، فى: باب فضيلة إعتاق الأمة ثم يتزوجها، من كتاب النكاح. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ١٠٤٤ - ١٠٤٦. وأبو داود، فى: باب فى الرجل يعتق أمته ثم يتزوجها، من كتاب النكاح. سنن أبى داود ١/ ٤٧٤. والترمذى، فى: باب ما جاء فى الرجل يعتق الأمة ثم يتزوجها، من أبواب النكاح. عارضة الأحوذى ٥/ ٤٠. والنسائى، فى: باب التزويج على العتق، وباب البناء فى السفر، من كتاب النكاح. المجتبى ٦/ ٩٤، ١٠٩. وابن ماجه، فى: باب الرجل يعتق أمته ثم يتزوجها، من كتاب النكاح. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٦٢٩. والدارمى، فى: باب فى الأمة يجعل عتقها صداقها، من كتاب النكاح. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ١٥٤. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٣/ ٩٩، ١٦٥، ١٧٠، ١٨١، ٢٠٣، ٢٣٩، ٢٤٢، ٢٤٦، ٢٨٠ , ٢٩١.(٢٤) وأخرجه البيهقى، فى: كتاب لا نكاح إلا بولى مرشد، من كتاب النكاح. السنن الكبرى ٧/ ١٢٤.(٢٥) فى: كتاب النكاح. سنن الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٢٥.
