performed the marriage, was married off, or issued a divorce, and his agency [in divorce] was permitted. This is something the words of al-Khiraqi may potentially accommodate, due to his specification of the one lacking guardianship as being a child. The reasoning for this is that his sale, his testamentary bequest, and his divorce are valid, so guardianship is established for him just like an adult. The first [view] is the preference of Abu Bakr, and it is the correct one; because guardianship requires completeness of status, for it is the "implementation of a legal action" regarding another's rights, which is considered in view of his interest, and a young boy is under guardianship due to his deficiency, so guardianship is not established for him, like a woman. The sixth condition is probity (adalah). There are two narrations regarding whether it is a condition: one of them is that it is a condition. Ahmad said: If the judge is like Ibn al-Halabi and Ibn al-Ja'di, he shall re-initiate the marriage. The apparent meaning of this is that he invalidated the marriage due to the absence of probity of the one who exercised it on her behalf. This is the view of al-Shafi'i; this is due to what was narrated from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: "There is no marriage except with two upright witnesses and a sound, guiding guardian (wali murshid)." Ahmad said: The most authentic thing in this regard is the statement of Ibn Abbas. It has also been narrated—meaning from Ibn Abbas—that he said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: "There is no marriage except with a guardian and two upright witnesses. Any woman whose guardian is someone who is under divine displeasure, her marriage is void." Abu Bakr al-Barqani narrated with his chain of transmission from Jabir who said: