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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 9 · Page 395Section

Translation · EN

Thus it is among the conditions (30) of compatibility, just like lineage. Regarding the second narration, it is not a condition, because poverty is an honor in religion, and the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: "O Allah, grant me life as a poor person, and cause me to die as a poor person." (31) It is not a necessary matter, so it is similar to being healthy rather than ill. The wealth that is considered is that with which he is able to provide maintenance for her, according to what is due to her, and is able to pay her dowry.

Section: As for occupation, there are two narrations regarding it as well. The first is that it is a condition. Thus, whoever is from the lowly professions—such as a weaver, a cupper, a watchman, a scavenger, a tanner, a servant, a bathhouse attendant, or a trash collector—is not a match [for the daughters of people of] (32) noble standing, or those with prestigious occupations, such as commerce or construction, because this is considered a deficiency in the custom of people, so it is similar to a deficiency in lineage. It has come in a hadith (33): "The Arabs are compatible with one another, except for a weaver or a cupper." (34) It was said to Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him: "How can you accept it when you consider it weak?" He said: "Action is taken upon it," meaning that it was reported in accordance with the customs of the people. It is also narrated that this is not a deficiency, and something similar is reported from Abu Hanifa, because this is not a deficiency in religion, nor is it essential, so it is similar to weakness and illness. Someone said (35):

Indeed, piety is true honor and nobility, And your love for this world is nothing but disgrace and sickness.

And there is no deficiency for a pious servant, If he realizes piety, even if he weaves or performs cupping.

As for soundness from defects, it is not among the conditions of compatibility, for there is no disagreement that the marriage is not invalidated by its absence; rather, it establishes an option for the woman, not for the guardians, because the harm resulting from it is specific to her.

Notes

(30) In the original: "shart" (condition). (31) Its authentication has been previously provided on page 307. (32) In B: "li-dhawi" (for those of). (33) In M: "al-hadith" (the hadith). (34) Reported by al-Bayhaqi, in: The Chapter on Considering Occupation in Compatibility, from the Book of Marriage. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 7/135. (35) The two verses are by Abu al-'Atahiya, and they are in his diwan. See: Abu al-'Atahiya: Ash'aruhu wa Akhbaruhu 348, 349.

Arabic (Source)

فكان من شُروطِ (٣٠) الكفاءة، كالنَّسَبِ. والرِّواية الثانية، ليس بشرطٍ؛ لأنَّ الفَقْرَ شَرَفٌ فى الدِّين، وقد قال النبىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "اللَّهُمَّ أحْيِنِى مِسكِينًا، وأَمِتْنِى مسكينًا" (٣١). وليس هو أمرًا لازِمًا، فأشْبَهَ العافِيةَ من المَرَضِ، واليَسارُ المُعْتَبرُ ما يَقْدِرُ به على الإنفاقِ عليها، حسبَ ما يَجِبُ لها، ويُمْكِنُه أدَاءُ مَهْرِها.

فصل: فأمَّا الصِّناعةُ، ففيها رِوايتان أيضًا؛ إحْداهما، أنَّها شَرْطٌ، فمَن كان من أهلِ الصنائعِ الدَّنِيئةِ، كالحائكِ، والحَجَّام، والحارس، والكَسَّاحِ، والدَّبَّاغِ، والقَيِّمِ، والحمَّامِىِّ، والزَّبَّالِ، فليس بكُفْءٍ [لبناتِ ذوِى] (٣٢) المُرُوءاتِ، أو أصحابِ الصَّنائعِ الجَلِيلةِ، كالتِّجارة، والبِنايةِ؛ لأنَّ ذلك نَقْصٌ فى عُرفِ الناس، فأشْبَهَ نَقْصَ النَّسَبِ، وقد جاء فى حَدِيثٍ (٣٣): "العَرَبُ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ أكْفَاءٌ، إلَّا حَائِكًا، أو حَجّامًا" (٣٤). قيل لأحمدَ، رَحِمَه اللَّه: كيف تأْخُذُ به وأنتَ تُضَعِّفُه؟ قال: العَمَلُ عليه. يعنى أنَّه وَرَدَ مُوافِقًا لأهلِ العُرْفِ. ورُوِىَ أن ذلك ليس بنَقْصٍ، ويُرْوَى نحوُ ذلك عن أبى حنيفةَ؛ لأنَّ ذلك ليس بنَقْصٍ فى الدِّينِ، ولا هو لازمٌ، فأشْبَهَ الضَّعْفَ والمَرَضَ، قال بعضُهم (٣٥):

ألَا إنَّما التَّقْوَى هى العِزُّ والكَرَمْ ... وحُبُّكَ للدُّنيا هو الذُّلُّ والسَّقَمْ

ولَيْسَ على عَبْدٍ تقِىٍّ نَقِيصَةٌ ... إذا حَقّقَ التَّقوَى وإن حَاك أو حَجَمْ

وأما السَّلامةُ من العُيوبِ، فليس من شُروطِ الكَفاءةِ، فإنه لا خِلافَ فى أنَّه لا يَبْطُلُ النِّكاحُ بعَدَمِها، ولكنَّها تُثْبِتُ الخِيارَ للمَرأةِ دُونَ الأوْلِيَاءِ؛ لأنَّ ضَرَرَه مُخْتَصٌّ بها.

Notes

(٣٠) فى الأصل: "شرط".(٣١) تقدم تخريجه فى صفحة ٣٠٧.(٣٢) فى ب: "لذوى".(٣٣) فى م: "الحديث".(٣٤) أخرجه البيهقى، فى: باب اعتبار الصنعة فى الكفاءة، من كتاب النكاح. السنن الكبرى ٧/ ١٣٥.(٣٥) البيتان لأبى العتاهية، وما فى ديوانه. انظر: أبو العتاهية أشعاره وأخباره ٣٤٨، ٣٤٩.

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