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Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudama - Edited by Al-Turki
Volume 9 · Page 457Section

Translation · EN

Thus, it is permissible in the case of his slave-woman, just like dirhams. Because it is suitable as a consideration in a sale—for if he were to say, "Manumit your slave for a thousand," it would be permissible—it is even more appropriate that it be a consideration in marriage, as marriage is not based on the concept of compensation. Based on this, if he marries her on the condition that he manumits her father, it is valid. Ahmad stipulated this in the narration of Abdullah. Once this is established, manumission becomes the dower, just as if he had given her wealth and then married her on the basis of it. If she offered herself to him for him to marry her, but he refused, he is not compelled to do so, and she owes the value [of her own self]; because if she is not compelled to marry him, he is not compelled to accept her. The ruling on a mudabbarah (slave promised freedom after master's death), one manumitted upon a condition, and an umm al-walad (slave-woman who has borne her master a child) is the same as that of a regular slave-woman in all that we have mentioned.

Section: If a woman manumits her slave on the condition that he marries her, he is manumitted, and he owes nothing. This is because marriage results in the husband gaining ownership [of his own status], not being owned; so if she stipulates for him to establish ownership for her [as a dower], it is not binding upon him, just as if she had stipulated for him to transfer ownership of a house to her. If the slave wished to marry her, he is not compelled to do so, because the condition was for her benefit, so it is not imposed upon him, just as if a master had stipulated for his slave-woman to marry him, it would not be binding upon her.

Section: There is no harm in a man manumitting a slave-woman and then marrying her, whether he manumitted her for the sake of Allah the Almighty or manumitted her in order to marry her. Anas disliked marrying someone he had manumitted for the sake of Allah the Almighty. al-Athram said: I said to Abu Abdullah: Shu'bah narrated from Qatadah from Anas that he disliked a manumitting a slave-woman and then marrying her? He said: Yes, that is if he manumitted her for the sake of Allah, he disliked that he should take back anything from her. As for our view, it is what Abu Musa narrated, saying: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Whoever has a slave-woman, teaches her, treats her well, then manumits her and marries her, for him there are two rewards." Agreed upon. And because when

Notes

(25) In the original: "her marriage". (26) In B and M: "marriage". (27) Collected by Ibn Abi Shaybah in: "Chapter on a man who manumits his slave-woman for the sake of Allah the Almighty..." from the Book of Marriage. al-Musannaf 4/157. (28) In M: "he said". (29) Its authentication was provided previously on page 397.

Arabic (Source)

فيَجُوزُ فى حَقِّ أُمَّتِه كالدَّراهمِ، ولأنَّه يَصْلُحُ عِوَضًا فى البَيْعِ، فإنَّه لو قال: أعْتِقْ عَبْدَكَ على ألفٍ. جازَ، فلَأنْ يكونَ عِوَضًا فى النِّكاحِ أوْلَى؛ فإنَّ النِّكاحَ لا يُقْصَدُ فيه العِوَضُ. وعلى هذا لو تَزَوَّجَها على أن يُعْتِقَ أباهَا، صَحَّ. نَصَّ عليه أحمدُ، فى رِوايةِ عبدِ اللَّه. إذا ثَبَتَ هذا، فإنَّ العِتْقَ يَصِيرُ صَداقًا، كما لو دَفَعَ إليها مالًا ثم تَزَوَّجَها عليه. فإن بَذَلَتْ له نَفْسَها ليتَزَوَّجَها فامْتَنَعَ، لم يُجْبَرْ، وكانتْ له القِيمةُ؛ لأنَّها إذا لم تُجْبَرْ على تَزْوِيجِه نَفْسَها، لم يُجْبَرْ هو على قَبُولِها. وحكمُ المُدَبّرة، والمُعْتَقةِ بصِفَةٍ، وأُمِّ الوَلَدِ، حكمُ الأَمَةِ القِنِّ فى جَمِيعِ ما ذكَرْناه.

فصل: وإن أعْتَقَتِ امرأةٌ عَبْدَها، بشَرْطِ أن يتَزَوَّجَها، عَتَقَ، ولا شىءَ عليه؛ لأنَّ النِّكاحَ يَحْصُلُ به المِلْكُ للزَّوْجِ، وليس بمَمْلُوكٍ به، فإذا اشْتَرَطَتْ عليه إثْباتَ المِلْكِ له، لم يَلْزَمْه ذلك، كما لو اشترطتْ عليه أن تُمَلِّكَه دارًا. ولو أراد العبدُ تَزَوُّجَها (٢٥) لم تُجْبَرْ؛ لأنَّ الشَّرْط لها، فلا يُوجَبُ عليها، كما لو شَرَطَ السَّيِّدُ على أمَتِه أن تُزَوِّجَه نَفْسَها، لم يَلْزَمْه ذلك.

فصل: ولا بأسَ أن يُعْتِقَ الرَّجُلُ الأَمَةَ ثم يتَزَوَّجَها، سواءٌ أعْتَقَها لوَجْهِ اللَّه تعالى، أو أعْتَقَها ليتَزَوَّجَها. وكَرِه أنسٌ تَزَوُّجَ (٢٦) مَنْ أعْتَقَها للَّهِ تعالى. قال الأثْرَمُ: قلتُ لأبى عبدِ اللَّه: رَوَى شُعْبةُ، عن قَتادةَ، عن أنسٍ، أنَّه كَرِهَ أن يُعْتِقَ الأمَةَ، ثم يتَزَوَّجَها (٢٧)؟ فقال: نعم، ذاكَ (٢٨) إذا أعْتَقَها للَّه، كَرِهَ أن يَرْجِعَ فى شىءٍ منها. ولَنا، ما رَوَى أبو مُوسَى، قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "مَنْ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ جَارِيَةٌ، فعَلَّمَهَا، وأحْسَنَ إلَيْهَا، ثُمَّ أعْتَقَها، وتَزَوَّجَهَا، فَذلِكَ لهُ أَجْرَانِ". متفقٌ عليه (٢٩). ولأنَّه إذا

Notes

(٢٥) فى الأصل: "تزويجها".(٢٦) فى ب، م: "تزويج".(٢٧) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة، فى: باب رجل يعتق أمته للَّه تعالى. . .، من كتاب النكاح. المصنف ٤/ ١٥٧.(٢٨) فى م: "قال".(٢٩) تقدم تخريجه فى صفحة ٣٩٧.

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