then she has the right to annul the marriage. This is narrated from Umar ibn al-Khattab, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, Mu'awiya, 'Amr ibn al-'As, may Allah be pleased with them. This is also the position of Shurayh, Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, Jabir ibn Zayd, Tawus, al-Awza'i, and Ishaq. Al-Zuhri, Qatada, Hisham ibn 'Urwa, Malik, al-Layth, al-Thawri, al-Shafi'i, Ibn al-Mundhir, and the scholars of opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y) invalidated these conditions. Abu Hanifa and al-Shafi'i said: The dowry is corrupted, not the contract, and she is entitled to the dowry of a peer (mahr al-mithl). They argued based on the saying of the Prophet (peace be upon him): "Every condition that is not in the Book of Allah is void, even if it were a hundred conditions." This is not in the Book of Allah, because the Sharia does not necessitate it. The Prophet (peace be upon him) also said: "Muslims are bound by their conditions, except a condition that makes lawful a forbidden thing or forbids a lawful thing." This forbids a lawful thing, which is marriage, concubinage, and travel. Furthermore, this is a condition that is not of the interest of the contract nor its requirement, and it was not built upon prevalence and extension, thus it is corrupt, just as if she stipulated that she would not surrender herself. Our argument is the statement of the Prophet (peace be upon him): "The most worthy of conditions for you to fulfill are those by which you have made lawful the private parts." Narrated by Sa'id. In another wording: "The most worthy of conditions that you should fulfill are those by which you have made lawful the private parts." (It is agreed upon). Also, the saying of the Prophet (peace be upon him): "Muslims are bound by..."
(3) Its verification has preceded in: 6/326. (4) Its verification has preceded in: 6/30. It is added to it: Al-Tirmidhi extracted it in: The Chapter of What was Mentioned from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) regarding Reconciliation between People, from the chapters of Judicial Rulings. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 6/103, 104. (5) In the original, A, and M: "Awfaytum" (you have fulfilled). (6) In M: "al-shart" (the condition). (7) In: The Chapter of What Came Regarding Conditions in Marriage. Sunan Sa'id ibn Mansur 1/180. (8) In M: "riwaya" (narration). (9) Extracted by al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter of Conditions in the Dowry at the Time of the Marriage Contract... from the Book of Conditions. Sahih al-Bukhari 3/249. And Muslim, in: The Chapter of Fulfilling Conditions in Marriage, from the Book of Marriage. Sahih Muslim 2/1036. It was also extracted by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter of the Man who Stipulates for Her, Her House, from the Book of Marriage. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/493. And al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter of What Came Regarding Conditions at the Time of the Marriage Contract, from the Chapters of Marriage. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 5/58. And al-Darimi, in: The Chapter of Conditions in Marriage, from the Book of Marriage. Sunan al-Darimi 2/143. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 4/144, 150, 152.
فلها فَسْخُ النكاحِ. يُرْوَى هذا عن عمرَ بن الخطابِ، وسعدِ بن أبى وَقّاصٍ، ومعاويةَ، وعمرِو بن العاصِ، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنهم. وبه قال شُرَيْحٌ، وعمرُ بن عبد العزيزِ، وجابرُ بن زيدٍ، وطاوُسٌ، والأوْزاعىُّ، وإسحاقُ. وأبْطَلَ هذه الشروطَ الزُّهْرِىُّ، وقَتَادَةُ، وهشامُ بن عُرْوَةَ، ومالكٌ، واللَّيْثُ، والثَّوْرِىُّ، والشافعىُّ، وابنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، وأصْحابُ الرَّأْىِ. قال أبو حنيفةَ، والشافعىُّ: ويَفْسُدُ المَهْرُ دون العَقْدِ، ولها مَهْرُ المِثْلِ. واحْتَجُّوا بقولِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "كُلُّ شَرْطٍ لَيْسَ فى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، فَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ، وإِنْ كَانَ مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ" (٣). وهذا ليس فى كِتابِ اللَّه؛ لأنَّ الشَّرْعَ لا يَقْتَضِيه. وقال النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "المُسْلِمونَ عَلَى شُرُوطِهِمْ، إلَّا شَرْطًا أحَلَّ حَرَامًا، أو حَرَّمَ حَلَالًا" (٤). وهذا يُحَرِّمُ الحَلالَ، وهو التَّزْويجُ والتَّسَرِّى والسَّفَرُ، ولأنَّ هذا شَرْطٌ ليس من مَصْلحةِ العَقْدِ ولا مُقْتَضاه، ولم يُبْنَ على التَّغْلِيبِ والسِّرَايةِ، فكان فاسِدًا، كما لو شَرَطَتْ أن لا تُسَلِّمَ نَفْسَها. ولَنا، قولُ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "إنَّ أحَقَّ ما وَفَّيْتُمْ (٥) بِهِ مِنَ الشُّرُوطِ (٦) مَا اسْتَحْلَلْتُمْ بِهِ الفُرُوجَ". روَاه سعيدٌ (٧). وفى لَفْظٍ (٨): "إنَّ أحَقَّ الشَّرُوطِ أنْ تُوفُوا بِهَا، مَا اسْتَحْلَلْتُم بِهِ الفُرُوجَ". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (٩). وأيضا قولُ النبىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "المُسْلِمُونَ على
(٣) تقدم تخريجه فى: ٦/ ٣٢٦.(٤) تقدم تخريجه فى: ٦/ ٣٠. ويضاف إليه: وأخرجه الترمذى، فى: باب ما ذكر عن رسول اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- فى الصلح بين الناس، من أبواب الأحكام. عارضة الأحوذى ٦/ ١٠٣، ١٠٤.(٥) فى الأصل، أ، م: "أوفيتم".(٦) فى م: "الشرط".(٧) فى: باب ما جاء فى الشرط فى النكاح. سنن سعيد بن منصور ١/ ١٨٠.(٨) فى م: "رواية".(٩) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب الشروط فى المهر عند عقدة النكاح. . .، من كتاب الشروط. صحيح البخارى ٣/ ٢٤٩. ومسلم، فى: باب الوفاء بالشرط فى النكاح، من كتاب النكاح. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ١٠٣٦.كما أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب فى الرجل يشترط لها دارها، من كتاب النكاح. سنن أبى داود ١/ ٤٩٣. والترمذى، فى: باب ما جاء فى الشرط عند عقدة النكاح، من أبواب النكاح. عارضة الأحوذى ٥/ ٥٨. والدارمى، فى: باب الشرط فى النكاح، من كتاب النكاح. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ١٤٣. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٤/ ١٤٤, ١٥٠, ١٥٢.