1157 - Issue: He said: (And if one of the parents of a disbelieving woman is a Person of the Book, and the other is a polytheist, a Muslim shall not marry her.)
The general principle of this is that if one of the parents of a woman from the People of the Book is not a Person of the Book, it is not permissible for a Muslim to marry her, whether that parent is a polytheist, a Magian, or an apostate. Al-Shafi'i held this view in the case where the father is not a Person of the Book, because the child is attributed to his father, takes nobility from his status, and is ascribed to his tribe. If the mother is not a Person of the Book, he has two opinions regarding it. Our view is that she is not purely of the People of the Book, so it is not permissible for a Muslim to marry her, just as if her father were a polytheist; and because she is born between one who is permissible and one who is not, it is therefore not permissible, like the sam' (the offspring of a wolf and a hyena) and the mule. It is possible that it is permissible in all cases, due to her inclusion in the general implication of the verse that permits [marriage], and because she is a woman of the Book who is allowed to remain in her religion, so she is like one whose parents are both People of the Book. The ruling regarding one whose parents are both not People of the Book is the same as the ruling regarding one whose parent is likewise; for if she is prohibited because one of her parents is a polytheist, then it is more appropriate that she be prohibited if both are polytheists. The possibility that we mentioned there is realized here, by considering her own condition rather than that of her parents.
1158 - Issue: He said: (And if he marries a woman of the People of the Book, and she converts to another religion of disbelief other than the religion of the People of the Book, she shall be forced to accept Islam. If she does not embrace Islam until her waiting period ('iddah) has ended, her marriage contract shall be annulled.)
The discussion regarding this issue involves four sections:
(1) In [The Original]: "yantasib" (is attributed). (2) In [The Original]: "fayantasib" (and is attributed). (3) In [B]: "muwalladah"; and in [M]: "mawludah". (4) In [The Original]: "yajuz" (is permissible). (5) Al-sam': The offspring of a wolf from a hyena. (6) In [B]: "nikah" (marriage). (7) In [B] and [M]: "tatahaqqaq" (is realized/verified). (8) In [M]: "i'tibar al-hal" (considering the state). (9) In [The Original] and [M]: "abiha" (her father).
١١٥٧ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَإِذَا كَانَ أَحَدُ أبَوَىِ الْكَافِرَةِ كِتَابِيًّا، والْآخَرُ وَثَنِيًّا، لَمْ يَنْكِحْها مُسْلِمٌ)
وجملتُه أنَّه إذا كان أحدُ أبَوَىِ الكِتابيَّةِ غيرَ كِتَابِىٍّ، لم يَحِلَّ نِكاحُها، سواءٌ كان وَثَنِيًّا أو مَجُوسِيًّا أو مُرْتَدًّا. وبهذا قال الشافعىُّ، فيما إذا كان الأبُ غيرَ كتابِىٍّ؛ لأنَّ الوَلَدَ يُنْسَبُ (١) إلى أبِيه، ويَشْرُفُ بشَرَفِه ويُنْسَبُ (٢) إلى قَبِيلَتِه، وإن كانت الأمُّ غيرَ كتابيةٍ فله فيه قَوْلان. ولَنا، أنَّها غيرُ مُتَمَحضَةٍ من أهلِ الكتابِ، فلم يَجُزْ للمُسْلمِ نِكاحُها، كما لو كان أبوها وَثَنِيًّا، ولأنَّها مُتوَلِّدَة (٣) بين مَنْ يَحِلُّ وبين مَنْ لا يَحِلُّ، فلم يَحِلَّ (٤)، كالسِّمْعِ (٥) والبَغْلِ. ويَحْتَمِلُ أن تَحِلَّ بكلِّ حالٍ (٦)، لدُخُولها فى عُمُومِ الآية المُبِيحةِ، ولأنَّها كتابيَّةٌ تُقَرُّ على دِينِها، فأشْبَهَتْ مَنْ أُبواها كِتابِيَّانِ. والحُكْمُ فى مَن أبَواها غيرُ كِتَابَيَّيْنِ، كالحكمِ فى مَن أحَدُ أبَوَيْها كذلك؛ لأنَّها إذا حُرِّمَتْ لكَون أحدِ أبَوَيْها وَثَنِيًّا، فلأَن تُحَرَّمَ إذا كانَا وَثَنِيَّيْنِ أَوْلَى. والاحتمالُ الذى ذكرْناه ثَمَّ مُتَحَقِّقٌ (٧) ههُنا، [اعْتِبارًا بحالِ] (٨) نَفْسِها دُونَ أُبَوَيْها (٩).
١١٥٨ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَإذَا تَزَوَّجَ كِتَابِيَّةً، فَانْتَقَلَتْ إلَى دِينٍ آخرَ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ غَيْرِ دِينِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، أُجْبِرَتْ عَلَى الإِسْلَامِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تُسْلِمْ حَتَّى انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُها، انْفَسَخَ نِكاحُهَا)
الكلامُ فى هذه المسألةِ فى فصولٍ أربعةٍ:
(١) فى الأصل: "ينتسب".(٢) فى الأصل: "فينتسب".(٣) فى ب: "مولدة". وفى م: "مولودة".(٤) فى الأصل: "يجز".(٥) السمع: ولد الذئب من الضبع.(٦) فى ب: "نكاح".(٧) فى ب، م: "تتحقق".(٨) فى م: "اعتبار الحال".(٩) فى الأصل، م: "أبيها".
