And He, Mighty and Majestic, said: {The Most Merciful rose over the Throne} [Ṭā Hā: 5] (1).
And He said: {And He is the subjugator over His servants} [al-Anʿām: 18] (2).
And He said: {To Him ascends good speech} [Fāṭir: 10] (3).
And He said: {Indeed, I will take you and raise you to Myself} [Āl ʿImrān: 55].
He also said: "Consensus is established that Allah, Glorified and Exalted be He, rose over His Throne literally, not figuratively..." He further said: "When the Jahmīs said that the rising over is figurative, the people of the Sunna explicitly stated that He is risen over His Throne with His Essence..." etc. [Mukhtaṣar al-Ṣawāʿiq (3/888, 899, and 902)].
(2) Ibn al-Qayyim, may Allah have mercy on him, said: "The literal meaning of aboveness (fawqiyya) is the elevation of the essence of a thing over another. The Jahmīs claimed that it is figurative, referring to an aboveness of rank and subjugation, just as it is said: 'Gold is above silver'... While this is indeed established for the Lord Almighty, denying the literal reality of His aboveness and interpreting it figuratively is false from numerous angles..." Then he mentioned them, including: "Fifth: Covenant, innate dispositions, intellects, revealed laws, and all of Allah's revealed books contradict that, affirming that He, Glorified be He, is above the world with His Essence. Thus, the discourse regarding His aboveness is directed to what is settled in innate dispositions, intellects, and heavenly books." End quote. [Mukhtaṣar al-Ṣawāʿiq (3/1061)].
(3) Al-Karajī al-Qaṣṣāb, may Allah have mercy on him, said in Nukat al-Qurʾān (3/694) regarding this verse: "It is a decisive proof against every obfuscation for anyone who claims that Allah Himself is on the earth. How could righteous deeds ascend to Him—woe to them—while He, along with His knowledge according to their claim, is on the earth? Rather, He is in the heaven, over the Throne, without any doubt or uncertainty, and His knowledge is in every place; no place is devoid of His knowledge." End quote.
