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Ithbāt al-Ḥadd by al-Dashtī — Edited by ‘Ādil Āl Ḥamdān
Volume 1 · Page 175

Translation · EN

from His creation (1).

Ḥarb said: I said to Isḥāq: [Over] (2) the Throne with a limit?

He said: Yes, and he mentioned [from] (3) Ibn al-Mubārak, he said: He is over His Throne, separate from His creation with a limit (4).

Notes

  • (1) Abū ʿUmar al-Ṭalamankī, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The Muslims among the people of the Sunna have reached a consensus that the meaning of His statement, the Exalted: {And He is with you wherever you are}, and similar passages from the Qur'an, is that this refers to His knowledge, and that God is above the heavens in His Essence, established over His Throne however He wills. End quote. Al-ʿUluww by al-Dhahabī (566). And his statement: (distinct from His creation) is among the things the people of the Sunna have explicitly stated as an addition in clarification, and as a refutation against those who deny [His] elevation. Among that is: What Ibn Abī Ḥātim, may Allah have mercy on him, narrated that Hishām b. ʿUbayd Allāh al-Rāzī the judge — the companion of Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan — imprisoned a man for Jahmism. He repented, so he was brought to Hishām to be tested. He said: Praise be to God for the repentance. Do you testify that God is over His Throne, distinct from His creation? He said: I testify that God is over His Throne, but I do not know what 'distinct from His creation' means. So he said: Return him to the prison, for he has not repented. [Bayān Talbīs al-Jahmiyya (1/440)]. Ibn Baṭṭa, may Allah have mercy on him, said in al-Ibāna al-Kubrā (2655): (Chapter on the faith that God is over His Throne, distinct from His creation, and His knowledge encompasses His creation): The Muslims among the Companions, the Successors, and all the people of knowledge among the believers have reached a consensus that God, Mighty and Majestic, is over His Throne, above His heavens, distinct from His creation, and His knowledge encompasses all of His creation. No one rejects that or denies it except one who adopts the doctrine of the incarnationists (Ḥulūliyya) ... and says: God's Essence is such that no place is devoid of Him. End quote.
  • (2) Omitted from the original manuscript. It is found in al-Harawī's Dhamm al-Kalām, and the context indicates it; because Isḥāq adduced the statement of Ibn al-Mubārak as evidence while speaking about the limit of God, Mighty and Majestic, not about the limit of His Throne.
  • (3) Omitted from the original manuscript, and it is established in al-Ibāna al-Kubrā and Dhamm al-Kalām.
  • (4) Narrated by Ḥarb in the book al-Sunna (336) with my editing.

Arabic (Source)

مِن خلقهِ(١).

قالَ حربٌ: قلتُ لإسحاقَ: [على](٢) العرشِ بحدٍّ؟

قالَ: نعم، وذكرَ [عن](٣) ابنِ المباركِ، قالَ: هـو عـلى عرشِـه، بائنٌ من خلقهِ بحدٍّ(٤).

Notes

(١) قالَ أبو عمر الطلمنكيُّ رحمه الله: أجمعَ المسلمونَ من أهلِ السُّنَّةِ على أنَّ معنى قولِهِ تعالى: ﴿وَهُوَ مَعَكُمْ أَيْنَ مَا كُنْتُمْ﴾، ونحو ذلكَ من القرآنِ بأنَّ ذلكَ علمُهُ، وأنَّ اللهَ فوقَ السّمواتِ بذاتِهِ مستوٍ على عرشهِ كيفَ شاءَ. اهـ «العلوُّ» للذهبيِّ (٥٦٦).

وقولُهُ: (بائنٌ من خلقهِ) مِمَّا صرَّحَ بها أهلُ السُّنَّةِ زيادةً في البيانِ، وردًّا على نفاةِ العلوِّ، ومن ذلكَ:

- ما رواه ابنُ أبي حاتمٍ رحمه الله أنَّ هشامَ بنَ عبيدِ اللهِ الرَّازيَّ القاضيَ - صاحبَ محمدِ ابنِ الحسنِ - حبسَ رجلًا في التجهمِ، فتابَ، فجيءَ بهِ إلى هشامٍ ليمتحنَهُ، فقالَ: الحمدُ للهِ على التوبةِ، أتَشهدُ أنَّ اللهَ على عرشهِ بائنٌ من خلقهِ؟

قالَ: أشهدُ أنَّ اللهَ على عرشهِ، ولا أدري ما بائنٌ من خلقهِ.

فقالَ: رُدُّوهُ إلى الحبسِ فإنهُ لم يتبْ. [«بيان تلبيس الجهمية» (١/ ٤٤٠)]

- قالَ ابنُ بطة رحمه الله في «الإبانة الكبرى» (٢٦٥٥): (بابُ الإيمانِ بأنَّ اللهَ على عرشه بائنٌ من خلقهِ وعلمُهُ محيطٌ بخلقهِ): أجمعَ المسلمونَ من الصحابةِ والتابعينَ وجميعِ أهلِ العلمِ من المؤمنينَ أنَّ اللهَ عز وجل على عرشهِ، فوقَ سمواتهِ، بائنٌ من خلقهِ، وعلمُهُ محيطٌ بجميعِ خلقهِ، لا يأبى ذلكَ، ولا ينكرهُ إلَّا منِ انتحلَ مذهبَ الحُلوليةِ .. وقالَ: إنَّ اللهَ ذاتَهُ لا يخلو منهُ مكانٌ. اهـ

(٢) سقطتْ من الأصلِ. وهيَ عندَ الهرويِّ في «ذمِّ الكلامِ»، والسياقُ يدلُّ عليها؛ لأنَّ إسحاقَ استدلَّ بكلامِ ابنِ المباركِ وهو يتكلمُ عن حدِّ اللهِ عز وجل لا عن حدِّ عرشهِ.

(٣) سقطتْ من الأصلِ، وهيَ مثبتةٌ في «الإبانة الكبرى»، و«ذمِّ الكلامِ».

(٤) رواه حربٌ في كتابِ «السُّنَّةِ» (٣٣٦) بتحقيقي.

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