a) They were not guided at all to knowing the Monotheism (Tawhid) of Divinity and worship in its correct sense; rather, there is not even a mention of it in their authored works!!

b) Monotheism (Tawhid) according to them is testifying to God Almighty's Lordship.

Thus, they believe: "That the Deity (al-ilāh) in the sense of the active participle (al-āhih), and that Divinity is: the ability to invent, as stated by al-Ashʿarī and others who make the most specific description of the Deity the ability to invent." [Darʾ al-Taʿāruḍ (9/377)].

c) Polytheism according to them is the polytheism of Lordship.

d) Directing worship—such as supplication, fear, hope, love, and practical acts of worship related to the limbs—does not constitute Polytheism according to them unless one believes in the independent Lordship of the worshipped entity.

e) Polytheism in the Monotheism (Tawhid) of Names and Attributes according to them is: affirming the Attributes of God, Mighty and Majestic, while Monotheism (Tawhid) according to them is: denying and divesting them under the guise of Interpretation, which in reality is distortion.

For this reason, you see al-Rāzī in his Tafsir (27/130)—and he is among the senior Ash'arites—naming the Kitāb al-Tawḥīd authored by Ibn Khuzayma, may Allah have mercy on him, on affirming the Attributes: the "Book of Polytheism"!!

Ibn Fūrak said in Mushkil al-Ḥadīth (p. 359): "It is known that one of our principles in this chapter is that whatever is applied to God, Mighty and Majestic, of these descriptions and names that may apply to limbs in us, it only applies in describing Him by way of an attribute if there is no other meaning it can be construed as that allows for Interpretation. That is due to the validity of the attribute subsisting in His Essence, for its subsistence does not necessitate the invalidation of His Monotheism (Tawhid) nor His departure from what He deserves of pre-eternity and Divinity. As for describing Him with that in the manner imagined by the anthropomorphists who assimilate their Lord to creation by affirming limbs and instruments, that is contrary to the religion and Monotheism (Tawhid)." End quote.

Al-Bayhaqī said in al-Iʿtiqād wa al-Hidāya ilā Sabīl al-Rashād (p. 120), while speaking about the attribute of Establishment (istiwāʾ): "And among them are those who accepted it and believed in it, and construed it in a manner that is valid to use in the language and does not contradict Monotheism (Tawhid)." End quote.

Ibn Taymiyya, may Allah have mercy on him, said in Bayān Talbīs al-Jahmiyya (1/427): "Your naming