al-Bāqillānī supported the view of Jahm on the Issue of Faith, following Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī, as did most of his companions." End quote.
He also said (7/582): "By this and other things, the corruption of the view of Jahm, al-Ṣāliḥī, and those who followed them regarding Faith becomes clear, such as al-Ashʿarī in the more famous of his two views, most of his companions, and a group of the later companions of Abū Ḥanīfa like al-Māturīdī and his likes, as they made it mere affirmation in the heart in which all servants are equal." End quote.
Sheikh ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Abā Buṭayn, may Allah have mercy on him, said in "al-Rasāʾil wa-l-Masāʾil al-Najdiyya" (2/176-177): "The school of law of the Ashʿarites is that Faith is mere affirmation, and they do not include the actions of the limbs in it.
They said: Even if actions are called Faith in the hadiths, it is Figurative, not Literal.
The school of law of the people of the Sunna and the congregation is that Faith is affirmation with the heart, speech with the tongue, and action with the limbs. A group of scholars has declared Disbelief upon whoever excludes action from Faith." End quote.
I say: And among the declarations of Disbelief by the people of the Sunna upon whoever adopts this school of law:
Imam Aḥmad, may Allah have mercy on him, said: "...The Jahmiyya say: If he knows his Lord with his heart, even if his limbs do not act; and this is Disbelief. Iblīs knew his Lord, for He said: {My Lord, because You have put me in error} [al-Ḥijr: 39]." ["al-Sunna" by al-Khallāl (980)]
Wakīʿ, may Allah have mercy on him, said: "The Jahmiyya said: Knowledge in the heart of what came from God suffices without speech and action; and this is Disbelief." ["al-Sunna" by ʿAbd Allāh (399)]
al-Marwazī, may Allah have mercy on him, said in "Taʿẓīm Qadr al-Ṣalāt" (2/700): "All the Murji'ites have agreed with us in this that acknowledgment with the tongue is part of Faith, except for a sect of the Jahmiyya who disbelieved according to us and according to the Murji'ites by their claim that Faith is knowledge only..." etc.
Likewise, Abū ʿUbayd al-Qāsim b. Sallām, may Allah have mercy on him, declared them disbelievers in his Book "al-Īmān" (Chapter of whoever makes Faith knowledge in the heart even if there is no action).
