by al-Dārimī in his refutation of the disbelieving Jahmī al-Marīsī.

He said in al-Fatwā al-Ḥamawiyya al-Kubrā (p. 254): "These interpretations found today in the hands of the people, such as most of the interpretations mentioned by Abū Bakr Ibn Fūrak in the book al-Taʾwīlāt, and mentioned by Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-Rāzī, and many of which are found in the speech of a multitude other than them, such as: Abū ʿAlī al-Jubbāʾī, ʿAbd al-Jabbār b. Aḥmad al-Hamadhānī, Abū al-Ḥusayn al-Baṣrī, Abū al-Wafāʾ Ibn ʿAqīl, Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī, and others, are exactly the interpretations mentioned by Bishr al-Marīsī in his book, even if there may be found in the speech of some of these both the interpretation and its invalidation as well, and they have good speech regarding some things.

I have only clarified that their exact interpretations are the exact interpretations of al-Marīsī. This is indicated by the book of refutation authored by ʿUthmān b. Saʿīd al-Dārimī, one of the famous imams during the time of al-Bukhārī. He authored a book he named: Radd ʿUthmān b. Saʿīd ʿalā al-Kādhib al-ʿAnīd fīmā Iftarā ʿalā Allāh fī al-Tawḥīd (ʿUthmān b. Saʿīd's Refutation of the Stubborn Liar Regarding What He Fabricated Against God in Monotheism (Tawhid)). In it, he recounted these exact interpretations from Bishr al-Marīsī with speech that necessitates that al-Marīsī was more grounded in them, and more knowledgeable of the transmitted and rational evidences than these later scholars to whom they reached from his direction. Then ʿUthmān b. Saʿīd refuted that with speech which, if an intelligent, rational person studies it, he would know the reality of what the Predecessors (Salaf) were upon, and the manifest strength of the evidence for their path would become clear to him, as well as the weakness of the evidence of those who opposed them.

Then, if he sees the imams—the imams of guidance—having formed a consensus on censuring the Marīsiyya, and most of them declaring them to be disbelievers or misguided, and he knows that this statement circulating among these later scholars is the school of law of the Marīsiyya, the guidance will become clear to him, for whomever God wishes to guide." End quote.

As for the people of the Sunna and traditions (athar) declaring those who tread this path to be disbelievers and branding them as Jahmīs, it is abundant. Among that is:

1- ʿUthmān b. Saʿīd al-Dārimī, may Allah have mercy on him, said in al-Radd ʿalā al-Jahmiyya (366) regarding the aspects of declaring the Jahmiyya to be disbelievers: "And God Almighty said: {Rather, both His hands are extended; He spends however He wills} [al-Māʾida: 64]