3-4. Al-Kalbi and Muqatil. [Tafsir al-Baghawi (2/165)].
‘Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak (d. 181 AH), may Allah have mercy on him. [Majmu‘ al-Fatawa by Ibn Taymiyyah (5/591), and he said: “Among those who followed him from the people of knowledge, and they are many”].
Ibn Qutaybah (d. 276 AH), may Allah have mercy on him. [Ta’wil Mukhtalif al-Hadith (p. 171)].
Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr (d. 463 AH). [Al-Tamhid (7/129)].
Abu Isma‘il al-Harawi said in his Tafsir in the Persian language: “{Then He rose (istawa) over the Throne}. Istiwa’ in the Arabic language comes with the meaning of istiqrar (settling/establishment), as in His statement, Exalted be He: {When you have settled (istawaytum) upon it} [Az-Zukhruf: 13], {And it settled (istawat) upon [Mount] Judi} [Hud: 44], {That you may settle (litastawu) upon their backs} [Az-Zukhruf: 13], and {When you and those with you have settled (istawayta) on the ark} [Al-Mu’minun: 28].”
Abu Ahmad al-Qassab al-Karaji, may Allah have mercy on him, in the creed he wrote for al-Qadir Billah and gathered the people upon at the turn of the fifth century [AH], wherein he ordered that those who deviated from it—whether Mu‘tazilite, Rafidite, or Kharijite—be made to repent.
Among what he said therein: “...He created the Throne, not out of any need for it, then He rose over it with an istiwa’ of istiqrar (settling/establishment) as He willed and intended; not an istiqrar of rest as creation rests.” [End of quote]. [Al-‘Uluw by al-Dhahabi (2/1303)].
