to Abū al-Jald asking him about thunder, and he said: "Thunder is wind."
Abū Jaʿfar said: If thunder is as mentioned by Ibn ʿAbbās and Mujāhid, then the meaning of the verse is: "Or like a rainstorm from the sky, wherein are darknesses and the sound of thunder." For if thunder were an angel driving the clouds, it would not be within the rainstorm, because the rainstorm is only what descends from the pouring of the clouds, whereas thunder is in the atmosphere driving the clouds. Moreover, even if it were present there, it would not have an audible sound, so there would be no terror by which anyone is frightened. For it has been said: Along with every drop of rain there is an angel, so the angel named "Thunder"—were he with the rainstorm without his voice being heard—would be no different from any of those angels descending with the rain to the earth, in that no one would feel terror from his presence therein. Thus it is known—since the matter is as we described regarding the statement of Ibn ʿAbbās—that the meaning of the verse is: "Or like a rainstorm descending from the sky, wherein are darknesses and the sound of thunder," if thunder is what Ibn ʿAbbās said, and that by mentioning thunder by name he dispensed with mentioning its sound, relying on the indication of the intended meaning in the text. But if thunder is what Abū al-Jald said, then nothing in His statement, "wherein are darknesses and thunder," is omitted, because the meaning of the speech then is: wherein are darknesses and thunder, which is as we described its character.
As for lightning, the people of knowledge differed concerning it. Some of them said in accordance with what—
439- Maṭar ibn Muḥammad al-Ḍabbī narrated to us, he said: Abū ʿĀṣim narrated to us—[ḥ]—and Muḥammad ibn Bashshār narrated to me, he said: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Mahdī narrated to me—[ḥ]—and Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq al-Ahwāzī narrated to us, he said: Abū Aḥmad al-Zubayrī narrated to us, all of them said: Sufyān al-Thawrī narrated to us, from Salama ibn Kuhayl, from Saʿīd ibn Ashwaʿ, from Rabīʿa
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