from Dāwūd ibn al-Ḥuṣayn, from ʿIkrima, the freed slave of Ibn ʿAbbās, from Ibn ʿAbbās concerning His statement: {for that they used to transgress} [Sūrat al-Baqara: 59], meaning: "for that they distanced themselves from My command" (1). So the meaning of His statement: "And He misleads not thereby except the transgressors", is: Allah does not mislead by the parable that He strikes for the people of misguidance and hypocrisy except those who exit from His obedience and abandon following His command, among those who disbelieve in Him from the People of the Book, and the people of misguidance among the people of hypocrisy.
The discourse concerning the interpretation of His statement: ﴿Those who break the covenant of Allah after its ratification﴾
Abu Ja'far said: And this is a description from Allah, Whose remembrance is Majestic, of the transgressors whom He informed that He does not mislead by the parable He struck for the people of hypocrisy anyone other than them; so He said: Allah does not mislead by the parable He strikes — according to what He described previously in the preceding verses — except the transgressors who break the covenant of Allah after its ratification.
Then the people of knowledge differed regarding the meaning of the covenant that Allah described these transgressors as breaking:
Some of them said: It is Allah's charge to His creation, His commanding them with what He commanded them of His obedience, and His forbidding them from what He forbade them of His disobedience, in His Books and upon the tongue of His Messenger, peace and blessings of God be upon him. And their breaking it is their abandoning acting upon it.
Others said: These verses were revealed only concerning the disbelievers among the People of the Book and the hypocrites among them, and it is them that Allah, Whose remembrance is Majestic, intended by His statement: "Indeed, those who disbelieve - it is all the same to them whether you warn them", and by His statement: "And of the people are some who say: We believe in Allah and the Last Day." Thus, everything in these verses is a censure of them and a reprimand until the conclusion of their accounts. They said: So the covenant of Allah which
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