Tafsir at-Tabari: Jami' al-Bayan - Dar al-Tarbiyah wa al-Turath Edition

Volume 1 · Page 414

Translation · EN

AI translation

The discourse regarding the interpretation of the statement of Him Whose praise is majestic: ﴿It is those who are the losers (27)﴾

Abu Jaʿfar said: And al-khāsirūn (the losers) is the plural of khāsir (loser) (1), and the losers are those who deprive their own souls of their shares—by their disobedience to Allah—of His mercy, just as a man suffers a loss in his trade when a deduction is made from his capital in his sale (2). Likewise, the disbeliever and the hypocrite lose by Allah's depriving them of His mercy, which He created for His servants on the Day of Resurrection, at the time they are in the direst need of His mercy. It is said of it: khasira al-rajulu yakhsaru khasran wa khusrānan wa khasāran, just as Jarīr ibn ʿAṭiyya said:

Indeed, Salīṭ is in total loss; for they... Are children of a people created as slaves (3)

By his saying "in total loss," he means in that which diminishes their share of nobility and generosity. And it has been said that the meaning of "it is those who are the losers" is: it is those who are the destroyed ones. And it is possible that the one who said that intended what we have stated regarding the destruction of the one whose description Allah described with the attribute He described him with in this verse, through Allah depriving him of what He deprived him of His mercy, because of his disobedience to Him and his disbelief in Him. Thus he carried the interpretation of the discourse according to its general meaning, rather than explaining the literal interpretation of the exact word itself, for the scholars of interpretation sometimes do that due to many reasons that prompt them to it.

And some of them said concerning that what:

575- Was narrated to me on the authority of al-Minjāb, He said: Bishr ibn ʿUmāra narrated to us, from Abū Rawq, from al-Ḍaḥḥāk, from Ibn ʿAbbās, He said: Every term such as "loser" that Allah attributes to other than the people of Islam, He only means by it disbelief; and whatever He attributes to the people of Islam, He only means by it sin.

Notes

(1) In the printed edition: "plural of the loser," and it is of no account.
(2) Wuḍiʿa fī al-bayʿi yūḍaʿu (passive voice) waḍīʿatan: when he suffers a loss from the principal capital in Sale (Bay').
(3) His Dīwān: 598, al-Naqāʾiḍ: 4, and al-Lisān (q-n-n), and its variant reading is: "sons of a people." And Salīṭ: a sub-tribe of Banū Yarbūʿ, the people of Jarīr, and the name of Salīṭ is Kaʿb ibn al-Ḥārith ibn Yarbūʿ. Ghassān ibn Dhuhayl al-Salīṭī had satirized Banū al-Khaṭafā, so Jarīr satirized him with this rajaz poem. And aqinna is the plural of qinn (with a kasra on the qāf), and al-qinn is the slave who is owned along with both of his parents. The female is also called qinn without a hāʾ.

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Arabic (Source)

القول في تأويل قوله جل ثناؤه: ﴿أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ (٢٧) ﴾قال أبو جعفر: والخاسرون جمع خاسر (١) ، والخاسرون: الناقصُون أنفسَهم حظوظَها -بمعصيتهم الله- من رحمته، كما يخسرُ الرجل في تجارته، بأن يوضَع من رأس ماله في بيعه (٢) . فكذلك الكافر والمنافق، خسر بحرمان الله إياه رحمتَه التي خلقها لعباده في القيامة، أحوج ما كان إلى رحمته. يقال منه: خَسِرَ الرجل يَخْسَرُ خَسْرًا وخُسْرَانا وخَسَارًا، كما قال جرير بن عطية:إِنَّ سَلِيطًا فِي الْخَسَارِ إِنَّهُ ... أَوْلادُ قَوْمٍ خُلِقُوا أَقِنَّهْ (٣)يعني بقوله:"في الخسار"، أي فيما يوكسهم حظوظهم من الشرف والكرم. وقد قيل: إن معنى"أولئك هم الخاسرون": أولئك هم الهالكون. وقد يجوز أن يكون قائل ذلك أراد ما قلنا من هلاك الذي وصف الله صفته بالصفة التي وصفه بها في هذه الآية، بحرمان الله إياه ما حرَمه من رحمته، بمعصيته إياه وكفره به. فحمل تأويلَ الكلام على معناه، دون البيان عن تأويل عين الكلمة بعينها، فإن أهل التأويل ربما فعلوا ذلك لعلل كثيرة تدعوهم إليه.وقال بعضهم في ذلك بما:٥٧٥- حُدِّثت به عن المنجاب، قال: حدثنا بشر بن عمارة، عن أبي روق، عن الضحاك، عن ابن عباس، قال: كل شيء نسبه الله إلى غير أهل الإسلام من اسم مثل"خاسر"، فإنما يعني به الكفر، وما نسبه إلى أهل الإسلام، فإنما يعني به الذنب.* * *

Notes

(١) في المطبوعة: "جمع الخاسر"، وليست بشيء.(٢) وضع في البيع يوضع (مبني للمجهول) وضيعة: إذا خسر خسارة من رأس المال.(٣) ديوانه: ٥٩٨، والنقائض: ٤، واللسان (قنن) ، وروايته: "أبناء قوم". وسليط: بطن من بني يربوع قوم جرير، واسم سليط: كعب بن الحارث بن يربوع. وكان غسان ابن ذهيل السليطي هجا بني الخطفي، فهجاه جرير بهذا الرجز. وأقنة جمع قن (بكسر القاف) ، والقن: العبد الذي ملك هو وأبواه. والأنثى، قن أيضًا بغير هاء.