the children of Adam according to the nature of the earth: among them came the red, the black, the white, and what is between that, the soft and the hard, the evil and the good" (1).

According to the interpretation of those who interpreted "Adam" as meaning that he was created from the surface of the earth, the origin of "Adam" must be a verb by which the Father of Mankind was named, just as "Aḥmad" was named from the verb derived from praise (iḥmād), and "Asʿad" from bringing happiness (isʿād), which is why it is diptote. Its interpretation then would be: "the angel reached the surface of the earth"—meaning he reached its surface (adama)—and its adama is its visible surface to the eye, just as the skin of every skin-bearing creature has an adama. From this, condiment is called idām, because it becomes like the outer skin layer of what it accompanies—then it was transferred from the verb and made a proper name for that specific person.

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The discourse regarding the interpretation of the statement of God the Exalted: {all the names}

Abū Jaʿfar said: The scholars of interpretation differed concerning the names that He taught Adam and then presented to the angels. Ibn ʿAbbās said, in what—

646- Abū Kurayb narrated to us, he said: ʿUthmān ibn Saʿīd narrated to us, he said: Bishr ibn ʿUmāra narrated to us, from Abū Rawq, from al-Ḍaḥḥāk, from Ibn ʿAbbās, he said: God taught Adam all the names, which are these names that people use to recognize things: human, beast, earth, plain, sea, mountain, donkey, and similar examples among species and other things (2).