Tafsir at-Tabari: Jami' al-Bayan - Dar al-Tarbiyah wa al-Turath Edition

Volume 1 · Page 495

Translation · EN

AI translation

and created for you all that is on earth, and when I said to the angels, "Indeed, I am placing a successor on earth," and honored your father Adam with what I gave him of My knowledge, bounty, and dignity, and when I made My angels prostrate to him, so they prostrated to him. Then He excluded Iblīs from all of them, so His excluding him from them indicated that he was among them, and that he was among those who were commanded to prostrate along with them, just as He, Majestic is His Praise, said: {Except Iblīs; he was not of those who prostrated. He said, "What prevented you from prostrating when I commanded you?"} [Sūrat al-Aʿrāf: 11-12]. Thus He, Majestic is His Praise, informed that He had commanded Iblīs among those of the angels He commanded to prostrate to Adam. Then He, Majestic is His Praise, excluded him from what He reported about them regarding their action of prostrating to Adam, thereby removing him from the attribute with which He described them of obedience to His command, and denying from him what He affirmed for His angels of prostration to His servant Adam.

Then the people of interpretation differed concerning him: was he one of the angels, or was he from other than them? Some of them said in accordance with what:

685 - Abū Kurayb narrated to us, he said: ʿUthmān ibn Saʿīd narrated to us, from Bishr ibn ʿUmāra, from Abū Rawq, from al-Ḍaḥḥāk, from Ibn ʿAbbās, he said: Iblīs was from a clan among the clans of angels called "al-Ḥinn," created from the scorching fire from among the angels. He said: And his name was al-Ḥārith. He said: And he was a keeper among the keepers of Paradise. He said: And the angels were created from light, other than this clan. He said: And the jinn who were mentioned in the Qurʾān were created from a smokeless flame of fire, which is the tongue of fire that is at its edge when it blazes (1).

686 - And Ibn Ḥumayd narrated to us, he said: Salama narrated to us, from Ibn Isḥāq, from Khallād, from ʿAṭāʾ, from Ṭāwūs, from Ibn ʿAbbās, he said: Before he committed disobedience, Iblīs was among the angels, his name was "ʿAzāzīl," and he was among the inhabitants of the earth, and he was among the most striving of the angels

Notes

(1) Report: 685—it has passed in full in the preceding report no. 606, and in Ibn Kathīr, 1:136, and in both of them together: "when it blazed." Ibn Kathīr repeated it in 5:296, where it has "blazed," just as here. In it is "the jinn" with a jīm; see what has preceded on p. 455, footnote 1.

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Arabic (Source)

فخلقت لكم ما في الأرض جميعًا، وإذ قلت للملائكة إني جاعل في الأرض خليفة، فكرمت أباكم آدمَ بما آتيته من عِلمي وفضْلي وكرَامتي، وإذْ أسجدت له ملائكتي فسجدوا له. ثم استثنى من جميعهم إبليس، فدلّ باستثنائه إياه منهم على أنه منهم، وأنه ممن قد أمِر بالسجود معهم، كما قال جل ثناؤه: (إِلا إِبْلِيسَ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنَ السَّاجِدِينَ قَالَ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَلا تَسْجُدَ إِذْ أَمَرْتُكَ) [سورة الأعراف: ١١-١٢] ، فأخبر جل ثناؤه أنه قد أمر إبليس فيمن أمرَه من الملائكة بالسجود لآدمَ. ثم استثناه جل ثناؤه مما أخبر عنهم أنهم فعلوه من السجود لآدمَ، فأخرجه من الصفة التي وصفهم بها من الطاعة لأمره، ونفى عنه ما أثبته لملائكته من السجود لعبده آدم.ثم اختلف أهل التأويل فيه: هل هو من الملائكة، أم هو من غيرها؟ فقال بعضهم بما:-٦٨٥ - حدثنا به أبو كريب، قال: حدثنا عثمان بن سعيد، عن بشر بن عمارة، عن أبي روق، عن الضحاك، عن ابن عباس قال: كان إبليس من حيّ من أحياء الملائكة يقال لهم"الحِن"، خلقوا من نار السَّموم من بين الملائكة. قال: فكان اسمه الحارث. قال: وكان خازنًا من خُزَّان الجنة. قال: وخلقت الملائكة من نورٍ غير هذا الحيّ. قال: وخلقت الجنّ الذي ذكروا في القرآن من مارج من نار، وهو لسان النار الذي يكون في طرفها إذا التهبت (١) .٦٨٦ - وحدثنا ابن حميد، قال: حدثنا سلمة، عن ابن إسحاق، عن خلاد، عن عطاء، عن طاوس، عن ابن عباس. قال: كان إبليس قبل أن يركب المعصيةَ من الملائكة اسمه"عزازيل"، وكان من سكان الأرض، وكان من أشد الملائكة

Notes

(١) الخبر: ٦٨٥- مضى بتمامه في الخبر السالف رقم: ٦٠٦، وفي ابن كثير ١: ١٣٦، وفيهما معًا "إذا ألهبت". وأعاده ابن كثير ٥: ٢٩٦. وفيه كما هنا"التهبت". وفيه"الجن" بالجيم، وانظر ما مضى ص: ٤٥٥ تعليق: ١.