in exertion and the most knowledgeable of them, and that was what led him to pride; and he was from a clan called jinn (1).

687 - And Ibn Ḥumayd narrated it to us another time, he said: Salama narrated to us, from Ibn Isḥāq, from Khallād, from ʿAṭāʾ, from Ṭāwūs, or Mujāhid Abū al-Ḥajjāj, from Ibn ʿAbbās and others similarly, except that he said: He was an angel from among the angels whose name was "ʿAzāzīl," and he was among the inhabitants of the earth and its dwellers, and the inhabitants of the earth among them were called "the jinn" from among the angels (2).

688 - And Mūsā ibn Hārūn narrated to me, he said: ʿAmr ibn Ḥammād narrated to us, he said: Asbāṭ narrated to us, from al-Suddī in a report he mentioned, from Abū Mālik, and from Abū Ṣāliḥ, from Ibn ʿAbbās—and from Murra, from Ibn Masʿūd, and from some people among the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him): Iblīs was placed over the dominion of the lowest heaven, and he was from a tribe of angels called "the jinn," and they were only called the jinn because they were the keepers of Paradise. And Iblīs, along with his dominion, was a keeper (3).

689 - And al-Qāsim ibn al-Ḥasan narrated to us, he said: Ḥusayn narrated to us, he said: Ḥajjāj narrated to me, from Ibn Jurayj, he said: Ibn ʿAbbās said: Iblīs was among the most noble of the angels and from their most honored tribe, and he was a keeper over the gardens of Paradise, and he possessed the authority over the lowest heaven, and he possessed the authority over the earth. He said: Ibn ʿAbbās said: And His statement: {He was of the jinn} [Sūrat al-Kahf: 50]—he was only attributed to the gardens because he was a keeper over them, just as a man is called Makkī, Madanī, Kūfī, or Baṣrī (4).

Ibn Jurayj said: And others said: They are a tribe of angels, his clan, so the name of his tribe was the jinn.