Tafsir at-Tabari: Jami' al-Bayan - Dar al-Tarbiyah wa al-Turath Edition

Volume 1 · Page 57946

Translation · EN

AI translation

And the root of "humility" (al-khushūʿ) is humbleness, submission, and submissiveness, and from it is the statement of the poet: (1)

When the news of al-Zubayr arrived, the walls of the city and the humble mountains humbled themselves (2)

Meaning: and the mountains were humble, submissive due to the greatness of the tragedy of losing him.

So the meaning of the verse is: And seek help, O rabbis from the People of the Book, by restraining your souls in obedience to Allāh, and holding them back from disobedience to Allāh, and by establishing Prayer which prevents immorality and wrongdoing, and brings one closer to the pleasing ways of Allāh, the establishment of which is great except upon those who are humble to Allāh, submissive to His obedience, humbled out of fear of Him.

The discourse regarding the interpretation of the statement of Allāh, the Exalted: {Who think}

Abū Jaʿfar said: If a questioner says to us: How did Allāh, glorious be His praise, inform regarding those whom He described as having humility to Him in obedience that they "think" that they will meet Him, when ẓann is doubt, and one who doubts meeting Allāh is, according to you, a disbeliever in Allāh?

It is said to him: Indeed, the Arabs may call certainty ẓann and doubt ẓann, just like their naming darkness

Notes

(1) The poetry is by Jarīr.
(2) Dīwān Jarīr: 345, and al-Naqāʾiḍ: 969. It has been attributed to him in his Tafsīr (1:289 / 7:157 Bulaq), Ṭabaqāt Ibn Saʿd (3/1/79), Sībawayh (1:25), al-Aḍdād by Ibn al-Anbārī (258), and al-Khizāna (2:166). Sībawayh cited it as evidence that the feminine tāʾ was attached to the verb because he annexed "sūr" (wall) to a feminine noun, which is "al-madīna" (the city), and it is a part of it. Sībawayh said: "Sometimes they say in some speech: 'Dhahabat baʿḍu aṣābiʿihi' (Some of his fingers went [feminine verb]), and he only made 'some' feminine because he annexed it to a feminine noun that it is part of; had it not been part of it, he would not have made it feminine. Because if he said: 'Dhahabat ʿabdu ummika' (Your mother's slave went [feminine verb]), it would not be good." (1:25).
In this verse, he reproaches al-Farazdaq for treachery and satirizes him, for when al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām, may God be pleased with him, departed on the Day of the Camel, a man from Banū Mujāshiʿ, the clan of al-Farazdaq, intercepted him, shot him, and assassinated him. He described the mountains as "humbled" (khushshaʿ). He means that at his death, they were humbled and bowed down from the terror of the calamity that befell the disciple of the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, and from the ugliness of the treachery he met from Banū Mujāshiʿ.

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Arabic (Source)

وأصل"الخشوع": التواضع والتذلل والاستكانة، ومنه قول الشاعر: (١)لما أتى خبر الزبير تواضعت ... سور المدينة والجبال الخشع (٢)يعني: والجبال خشع متذللة لعظم المصيبة بفقده.* * *فمعنى الآية: واستعينوا أيها الأحبار من أهل الكتاب بحبس أنفسكم على طاعة الله، وكفها عن معاصي الله، وبإقامة الصلاة المانعة من الفحشاء والمنكر، المقربة من مراضي الله، العظيمة إقامتها إلا على المتواضعين لله، المستكينين لطاعته، المتذللين من مخافته.* * *القول في تأويل قوله تعالى ﴿الَّذِينَ يَظُنُّونَ﴾قال أبو جعفر: إن قال لنا قائل: وكيف أخبر الله جل ثناؤه عمن قد وصفه بالخشوع له بالطاعة، أنه"يظن" أنه ملاقيه، والظن: شك، والشاك في لقاء الله عندك بالله كافر؟قيل له: إن العرب قد تسمي اليقين"ظنا"، والشك"ظنا"، نظير تسميتهم الظلمة

Notes

(١) الشعر لجرير.(٢) ديوان جرير: ٣٤٥، والنقائض: ٩٦٩، وقد جاء منسوبا له في تفسيره (١: ٢٨٩ /٧: ١٥٧ بولاق) ، وطبقات ابن سعد: ٣/١/ ٧٩، وسيبويه ١: ٢٥، والأضداد لابن الأنباري: ٢٥٨، والخزانة ٢: ١٦٦. استشهد به سيبويه على أن تاء التأنيث جاءت للفعل، لما أضاف"سور" إلى مؤنث وهو"المدينة"، وهو بعض منها. قال سيبويه: "وربما قالوا في بعض الكلام: "ذهبت بعض أصابعه"، وإنما أنث البعض، لأنه أضافه إلى مؤنث هو منه، ولو لم يكن منه لم يؤنثه. لأنه لو قال: "ذهبت عبد أمك" لم يحسن. (١: ٢٥) .وهذا البيت يعير به الفرزدق بالغدر ويهجوه، فإن الزبير بن العوام رضي الله عنه حين انصرف يوم الجمل، عرض له رجل من بني مجاشع رهط الفرزدق، فرماه فقتله غيلة. ووصف الجبال بأنها"خشع". يريد عند موته، خشعت وطأطأت من هول المصيبة في حواري رسول الله ﷺ، ومن قبح ما لقي من غدر بني مجاشع.