Chapter: One Who Enters the Mosque After the People Have Already Prayed; Should He Call the Adhan and Perform the Iqamah?
• Ahmad ibn Hanbal was asked: A group of people entered the mosque after [the congregation] had already prayed; should they call the adhan and perform the iqamah? He said: "If they are in a city, they may perform the iqamah if they wish," and the matter, in his view, is flexible.
483 - Muhammad ibn Yahya narrated to us, saying: Abu Dawud narrated to us, saying: Shayban narrated to us, from Jabir, from al-Sha'bi, Muhammad ibn 'Ali, 'Ikrimah, and 'Ata', that they said: "If you enter a mosque in which the prayer has already been performed, then pray as you are, and do not call the adhan or perform the iqamah."
484 - And Muhammad ibn Nasr narrated to us, saying: Hassan narrated to us, from Sufyan, from Yunus, from Abu 'Uthman, that Anas led them in a mosque whose people had already prayed; so he called the adhan and performed the iqamah, and led them in the Fajr prayer.
485 - 'Amr ibn 'Uthman narrated to us, saying: Baqiyyah ibn al-Walid narrated to us, from Shu'bah, from al-A'mash, from Abu Wa'il, that Ibn Mas'ud—may Allah be pleased with him—prayed Dhuhr and 'Asr with al-Aswad and 'Alqamah in his house without adhan or iqamah; he placed one of them on his right and the other on his left.
Chapter: The Adhan at Night
• Ahmad ibn Hanbal was asked about the adhan at night? It was as if he saw no harm in it, and he said: "The people of the Hijaz say: 'It is the Sunnah,'" meaning: the adhan for Fajr.
