• I heard Ahmad say: "Every two prostrations of forgetfulness that one performs before the taslim do not include a tashahhud; he performs them, then performs the taslim. If they are after the taslim, then there is a tashahhud and a taslim in them."
• I heard Ahmad ibn Sa'id say: "If he performs the two prostrations of forgetfulness due to a deficiency in the prayer, he performs the tashahhud, then prostrates before he performs the taslim, then performs the taslim, and he does not perform any tashahhud other than the first tashahhud."
1001 - Ahmad ibn Hanbal narrated to us, he said: Sufyan narrated to us, from al-Zuhri, from al-A'raj, from 'Abd Allah ibn Buhaynah (may Allah be pleased with him): "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) led us in a prayer, which we thought was 'Asr. He stood up in the second rak'ah and did not sit. When it was before he performed the taslim, he performed two prostrations."
Chapter: Regarding someone who forgets a prostration of his prayer
• I heard Ahmad ibn Hanbal say—regarding a man who forgets a prostration from his prayer and remembers it after he has spoken—: "He must repeat the prayer. If he remembers it before he speaks while he is still sitting, he stands up and performs a rak'ah and two prostrations."
• I heard Ahmad—on another occasion—say: "If he forgets a prostration from his prayer and then performs the taslim, he stands up and brings a rak'ah and two prostrations; because a rak'ah does not suffice him except with two prostrations, and two prostrations do not suffice except with a rak'ah. He performs the two prostrations of forgetfulness in this case before the taslim, and likewise if he forgets the Opening of the Book (Fatihah); for that rak'ah does not suffice him."
• وسمعت أحمَد يقول: «كُلُّ سَجدَتَين للسَّهو يَسجُدُهُما قَبلَ التَّسليم؛ فلَيسَ فيهما تَشَهُّد؛ يَسجُدُهُما، ثم يُسَلِّم، وإذا كانَتا بَعدَ السلام؛ فَفيهما تَشَهُّدٌ وسَلام».
• وسمعت أحمَد بن سَعيد يقول: «إذا سَجَدَ سَجدَتَي السَّهو في نُقصانٍ من الصَّلاة؛ فإنه يَتَشَهَّد، ثم يَسجُد قَبلَ أن يُسَلِّم، ثم يُسَلِّم، ولا يَتَشَهَّد إلا التَّشَهُّد الأوَّل».
١٠٠١ - حدثنا أحمَد بن حَنبل، قال: ثنا سُفيان، عن الزُّهري، عن الأعرج، عن عبد الله بن بحينة -رضي الله عنه-: «صَلَّى بِنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم صلاةً نَظُنُّ أنها العَصر، فقام في الثانيَة؛ لم يَجلِس، فلما كان قَبلَ أن يُسَلِّم؛ سَجَدَ سَجدَتَين».
باب: مَنْ نَسِيَ سَجدَةً مِن صَلاتِه
• سمعت أحمَد بن حَنبل يقول -في رَجلٍ نَسي سَجدَةً من صَلاته، فذَكَرَها بَعدَما تكَلَّم-؛ قال: «يُعيدُ الصَّلاة، وإن ذَكَرَها قَبلَ أن يَتكَلَّم وهو جالِس؛ قام، فصَلَّى رَكعَةً وسَجدَتَين».
• وسمعت أحمَد -مرةً أخرى- يقول: «إذا نَسي سَجدَةً من صلاته ثم سَلَّم؛ فإنه يَقوم، ويأتي بِرَكعَةٍ وسَجدَتَين؛ لأنه لا تُجزئه رَكعَةٌ إلا بِسَجدَتَين، ولا سَجدَتان إلا ⦗٤٦٨⦘ بِرَكعَة. ويَسجُد سَجدَتَي السَّهو في هذا قَبلَ التَّسليم، وكذلك إن نَسي فاتحة الكِتاب؛ فإن تِلك الركعَة لا تُجزئه».
