1115 - Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Quta'i narrated to us, he said: Mu'adh narrated to us, he said: Ash'ath narrated to us, from al-Hasan, who said: "A river serves as a barrier (sutrah) for the one praying."
Chapter: Placing an object in the direction of the Qiblah
• I heard Ahmad ibn Hanbal express dislike for having any object in the direction of the Qiblah, even a Mushaf (copy of the Quran).
1116 - Ahmad ibn Yunus narrated to us, he said: Za'idah narrated to us, from Khasif, from Mujahid, who said: "Abdullah ibn 'Umar would not leave anything between himself and the Qiblah without removing it; neither a sword nor a Mushaf."
Chapter: One who prays behind a Dhimmi (non-Muslim subject)
• Ahmad was asked: "A man prayed behind a Dhimmi while he did not know [that he was a Dhimmi]?" He said: "He must repeat the prayer."
• And I heard Ahmad—on another occasion—being asked about a man who prayed behind a Dhimmi? He said: "He must repeat the prayer."
• Ishaq was asked about a Jew who led a people in prayer for a month while they did not know? He said: "The Jew is to be disciplined, and they must repeat the prayer." It was said: "Does Islam not become binding upon him [by his leading them]?" He said: "No." It was said: "What if he gave the Adhan and said in his Adhan: 'I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah'?" He said: "It is not binding upon him except through [sincere] conviction."
1117 - Mahmud ibn Khalid al-Dimashqi narrated to us, he said: 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-Wahid narrated to us, he said: I heard al-Awza'i say—regarding a Christian who traveled with Muslims and led them in prayer, and then they realized that afterwards—he said: "They must repeat [the prayer], and he is to be punished." It was said: "What if it were a Muslim woman [who led them]?" He said: "Their prayer is valid."
١١١٥ - حدثنا محمد بن يَحيى القُطَعي، قال: ثنا مُعاذ، قال: ثنا أشعَث، عن الحسَن، قال: «النَّهر يَستُر المصَلِّي».
باب: وَضع الشَّيء في القِبلَة
• سمعت أحمَد بن حَنبل يَكرَه أن يَكون في القِبلَة شَيء، حتى المصحَف.
١١١٦ - حدثنا أحمَد بن يونُس، قال: ثنا زائدَة، عن خصيف، عن مُجاهد، قال: «لم يَكُن عبد الله بن عُمَر يَدَع شَيئًا بَينَه وبَينَ القِبلَة إلا نَزَعَه؛ سَيفًا ولا مُصحَفًا».
باب: مَنْ صَلَّى خَلفَ الذِّمِّي
• قيل لأحمد: رَجلٌ صَلَّى خَلفَ ذِمِّيٍّ وهو لا يَعلم؟ قال: «يُعيدُ الصَّلاة».
• وسمعت أحمَد -مرةً أخرى- سُئل عن رَجلٍ صَلَّى خَلفَ ذِمِّي؟ قال: «يُعيدُ الصَّلاة».
• وسُئل إسحاق عن يَهوديٍّ أمَّ قَومًا شَهرًا وهم لا يَعلَمون؟ قال: «يؤدَّب اليَهودي، ويُعيدون الصَّلاة». قيل: ولا يَلزَمه الإسلام؟ قال: «لا». قيل: فإن أذَّن فقال في أذانه: «أشهد أن لا إلهَ إلا الله، وأن محمدا رَسول الله»؟ قال: «لا يَلزَمه إلا بِالاعتِقاد».
١١١٧ - حدثنا مَحمود بن خالِد الدِّمشقي، قال: ثنا عُمَر بن عبد الواحِد، قال: سمعت الأوزاعي يقول -في نَصرانيٍّ سافَر مَعَ مُسلِمين، فأمَّهم، ثم عَرَفوا ذلك بَعدُ-؛ فقال: «يُعيدون، ويُعاقَب». قيل: فإنها امرأةٌ مُسلِمَة؟ قال: «مَضَت صَلاتهم».
