third, so she takes nothing but the sixth. (After any bequest he may make or debt) in this there is a transposition; he means: after a debt that is upon him or a bequest he makes. (Your parents and your children—you know not which of them is nearer to you in benefit.) Mujahid’s interpretation is: You do not know which of them is nearer to you in benefit in this world. (An obligation from Allah.) Al-Suddi said, meaning: the distribution of inheritances to those to whom Allah has assigned them in this verse.
Muhammad said: (An obligation) is in the accusative case for emphasis and as a state; meaning: what we have mentioned for these heirs is made obligatory, a confirmed obligation, due to His saying: (Allah commands you). [Verse 12]
الثُّلُث؛ فَلَا تَأْخُذ إِلَّا السُّدس ﴿من بعد وَصِيَّة يُوصي بِهِ أَو دين﴾ فِيهَا تَقْدِيم؛ يَقُول: من بعد دين يكون عَلَيْهِ أَو وَصِيَّة يُوصي بهَا. ﴿آبَاؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَاؤُكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعًا﴾ تَفْسِير مُجَاهِد: لَا تَدْرُونَ أَيهمْ أقرب لكم نفعا فِي الدُّنْيَا ﴿فَرِيضَة من الله﴾ قَالَ السّديّ يَعْنِي: قسْمَة الْمَوَارِيث لأَهْلهَا الَّذين ذكرهم الله فِي هَذِه الْآيَة.
قَالَ مُحَمَّد: ﴿فَرِيضَةً﴾ مَنْصُوب على التوكيد وَالْحَال؛ أَي: مَا ذكرنَا لهَؤُلَاء الْوَرَثَة مَفْرُوضًا فَرِيضَة مُؤَكدَة، لقَوْله: ﴿يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ﴾. [آيَة ١٢]
