the daughters [of daughters] inherit nothing, nor do they exclude [an heir]. (But if you have a child, then for them is an eighth of what you leave.) If a man leaves two, three, or four wives, the fourth is [divided] equally between them if he has no child. If he has a child or a child of a child—male or female—the eighth is [divided] equally between them. (If a man or a woman is inherited as a kalala [an heir with no parent or child], and he has a brother or a sister, then for each of them is a sixth, but if they are more than that, they are partners in the third.) Their males and females are treated equally in this regard. Qatada said: "The kalala is one who has no child, no parent, and no grandparent." (without causing harm) to his heirs regarding the inheritance; he means: one who does not acknowledge a debt that is not upon him, nor does he bequeath more than a third out of harm to them.
Muhammad said: "ghayra" [without] is in the accusative case as a circumstantial qualifier (hal). The meaning is: he bequeaths it without causing harm. (An ordinance from Allah)—this division. [Verse 13-14]
الْبَنَات شَيْئا وَلَا يحجبون. ﴿فَإِنْ كَانَ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَلَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ مِمَّا تركْتُم﴾ فَإِن ترك رجل امْرَأتَيْنِ أَو ثَلَاثًا أَو أَرْبعا، فالربع بَينهُنَّ سَوَاء؛ إِذا لم يكن لَهُ ولد، فَإِن كَانَ لَهُ ولد أَو ولد ولد؛ ذكر أَو أنثي، فالثمن بَينهُنَّ سَوَاء. ﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلالَةً أَو امْرَأَةٌ وَلَهُ أَخٌ أَوْ أُخْتٌ فَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ فَإِنْ كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَهُمْ شُرَكَاء فِي الثُّلُث﴾ وَذكرهمْ كأنثاهم فِيهِ سَوَاء. قَالَ قَتَادَة: والكلالة: الَّذِي لَا ولد لَهُ وَلَا وَالِد وَلَا جد ﴿غير مضار﴾ فِي الْمِيرَاث أَهله، يَقُول: لَا يقر بِحَق لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَا يُوصي بِأَكْثَرَ من الثُّلُث مضارة لَهُم.
قَالَ مُحَمَّد: ﴿غير﴾ مَنْصُوب على الْحَال، الْمَعْنى: يُوصي بهَا غير مضار ﴿وَصِيَّةً مِنَ الله﴾ تِلْكَ الْقِسْمَة. [آيَة ١٣ - ١٤]
