"O you who have believed, do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated." Its interpretation has already passed in Surat al-Baqarah in the interpretation of: "They ask you about wine and gambling."
His saying: "And not in a state of janaba (major ritual impurity), except as those passing through, until you have performed ghusl (full washing)." Ibn Abbas's interpretation: He is the traveler; if he does not find water, he performs tayammum (dry ablution) and prays. "And if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the ghait (place of relieving oneself)." Muhammad [Ibn Abi Zamanin] said: The ghait is the hadath (impurity/defecation). The origin of the word ghait is the low-lying place in the land; for when they wanted to relieve themselves, they would go to a depression in the land and do so there, so it became a metonym for the hadath.
His saying: "And if you are ill" contains an implicit meaning: unable [to approach] water due to the ailment; this was mentioned by Ismail ibn Ishaq.
﴿يَا أَيهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقْرَبُوا الصَّلاةَ وَأَنْتُم سكارى﴾ قَدْ مَضَى تَفْسِيرُهُ فِي سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَة فِي تَفْسِير: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخمر وَالْميسر﴾
قَوْله: ﴿وَلا جُنُبًا إِلا عَابِرِي سَبِيل حَتَّى تغتسلوا﴾ تَفْسِير ابْن عَبَّاس: هُوَ الْمُسَافِر إِن لم يجد المَاء تيَمّم وَصلى ﴿وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مَرْضَى أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُم من الْغَائِط﴾ قَالَ مُحَمَّد: الْغَائِط: الْحَدث، وأصل الْغَائِط: الْمَكَان المطمئن من الأَرْض؛ فَكَانُوا إِذَا أَرَادوا قَضَاء الْحَاجة، أَتَوا غائطا من الأَرْض، فَفَعَلُوا ذَلِك فِيهِ، فكنى عَن الحَدِيث بالغائط.
وقولُه: ﴿وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مَرْضَى﴾ فِيهِ إِضْمَار: لَا تَسْتَطِيعُونَ [قرب] المَاء من الْعلَّة؛ ذكره إِسْمَاعِيل بْن إِسْحَاق.
