Al-Hasan said: Then He said to His Prophet, peace be upon him: "And if it were not for the grace of Allah upon you and His mercy, a group of them would have determined to mislead you," regarding what they intended for the Prophet, peace be upon him, which was to excuse their companion. "And they do not mislead except themselves," meaning: when they came to you so that you would excuse him. "And they will not harm you" (diminish you) "in anything."
Muhammad said: It is said that the meaning of His statement, "to mislead you," is: that they might make you err in your judgment. "And they do not mislead except themselves," because they are performing the deed of the misguided, and Allah protects His Prophet from following them. [Verse 114]
قَالَ الحَسَن: ثُمَّ قَالَ لنَبيه عليه السلام: ﴿وَلَوْلا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ وَرَحْمَتُهُ لَهَمَّتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يُضِلُّوكَ﴾ فِيمَا أَرَادوا من النَّبي ﷺ أَن يعْذر عَنْ صَاحبهمْ ﴿وَمَا يُضِلُّونَ إِلا أنفسهم﴾ أَي: حِين جَاءُوا إِلَيْك لتعذره ﴿وَمَا يضرونك﴾ ينقصونك ﴿من شَيْء﴾.
قَالَ مُحَمَّد: قِيلَ: إِن الْمَعْنى فِي قَوْله: ﴿أَن يضلوك﴾ أَي: أَن يخطئوك فِي حكمك، وَمَا يضلون إِلَّا أنفسهم، لأَنهم يعْملُونَ عمل الضَّالّين، وَالله يعْصم نبيه من متابعتهم. [آيَة ١١٤]
