"And the Jews say, 'The hand of Allah is chained.'" Al-Kalbi said: They were among the most prosperous of people and had the most abundance. When they disobeyed Allah and exchanged the favor of Allah for disbelief, Allah withheld from them some of what He had previously bestowed upon them. At that, the Jews said: Allah has withheld His hand from us, so it is chained, meaning: He does not extend it to us.
Allah said: "Chained are their hands, and cursed are they for what they say. Rather, both His hands are extended; He spends however He wills. And that which has been revealed to you from your Lord will surely increase many of them in transgression and disbelief." They are the Jews.
﴿وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ يَدُ اللَّهِ مَغْلُولَةٌ﴾ قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ:
كَانُوا مِنْ أَخْصَبِ النَّاسِ وَأَكْثَرِهِمْ خَيْرًا، فَلَمَّا عَصَوُا اللَّهَ، وَبَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا - كَفَّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ بَعْضَ الَّذِي كَانَ بَسَطَ لَهُمْ؛ فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ قَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ: كَفَّ اللَّهُ يَدَهُ عَنَّا، فَهِيَ مَغْلُولَةٌ؛ أَيْ: لَا يَبْسُطُهَا عَلَيْنَا.
قَالَ اللَّهُ: ﴿غُلَّتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَلُعِنُوا بِمَا قَالُوا بَلْ يَدَاهُ مَبْسُوطَتَانِ يُنْفِقُ كَيْفَ يَشَاءُ وَلَيَزِيدَنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنْهُمْ مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ طُغْيَانًا وَكُفْرًا﴾ وَهُمُ الْيَهُودُ.
