to seven years; extend the term and increase the wager [and that was not prohibited at that time; rather, gambling, which is al-maysir, was prohibited after] the Battle of the Confederates (al-Ahzab). So Abu Bakr returned to them and said: "Make the promise seven years, and I will increase the wager for you." They agreed and increased it by three, so it became ten camels, and the years became seven. When seven years had passed, the Romans prevailed over the Persians. Allah had promised the believers that when the Romans defeated the Persians, He would grant them victory over the polytheists. Thus, the Romans prevailed over the Persians, and the believers prevailed over the polytheists on the same day—the day of Badr—and the Muslims rejoiced at that, and because Allah had proven the truth of His word and the word of His Messenger.
Muhammad said: "Allah's promise" (wa'da Allah) is in the accusative case because it is a corroborative verbal noun (masdar mu'akkid); the meaning is: Allah promised a promise. "But most people," meaning the polytheists.
إِلَى سَبْعِ سِنِينَ، مِدَّ فِي الْأَجَلِ وَزِدْ فِي الْخَطَرِ [وَلَمْ يَكُنْ حَرَامٌ ذَلِكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ، وِإِنَّمَا حُرِّمَ الْقُمَارُ وَهُوَ الْمَيْسِرُ بَعْدَ] غَزْوَةِ الْأَحْزَابِ، فَرَجَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِلَيْهِم (ل ٢٦٢) قَالَ: اجْعَلُوا (الْوَعْدَ) إِلَى سَبْعِ سِنِينَ وَأَزِيدَكُمْ فِي الْخَطَرِ. فَفَعَلُوا فَزَادُوا فِيهِ ثَلَاثًا فَصَارَتْ عَشْرًا مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَصَارَتِ السُّنُونَ سَبْعًا؛ فَلَمَّا جَاءَتَ سَبْعُ سِنِينَ ظَهَرَتِ الرُّومُ عَلَى فَارِسٍ، وَكَانَ اللَّهُ وَعَدَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذَا غَلَبَتِ الرُّومُ فَارِسَ أَظْهَرَهُمْ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَظَهَرَتِ الرُّومُ عَلَى فَارِسَ، وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، وَفَرِحَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِذَلِكَ، وَبِأَنَّ اللَّهَ صَدَقَ قَوْلَهُ وَصَدَقَ رَسُولَهُ.
قَالَ مُحَمَّد: (وعد الله) مَنْصُوبٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ مَصْدَرٌ مُؤَكِّدٌ؛ الْمَعْنَى: وَعَدَ اللَّهُ وَعْدًا. ﴿وَلَكِنَّ أَكثر النَّاس﴾ يَعْنِي: الْمُشْركين