"And when We said to the angels, 'Prostrate before Adam,' so they prostrated, except for Iblis. He was of the Jinn." Al-Hasan said: He is the first of the Jinn, just as Adam is from mankind, and he is the first of mankind. Qatadah's interpretation is: He was from the Jinn, a tribe of the angels called the Jinn, and he was in charge of the treasury of the lowest heaven. "So he disobeyed the command of his Lord," meaning: he rebelled against His command.
Muhammad said: The root of 'fisq' (disobedience/fissuring) is exiting. The Arabs say, 'The date has fisq' (the date has emerged), when it exits from its skin. "Then will you take him and his descendants," meaning: the devils whom they invited to polytheism, "as allies other than Me? Wretched for the wrongdoers is the exchange," meaning: wretched is what they have exchanged for the worship of their Lord, which is the obedience of Iblis.
﴿وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلا إِبْلِيسَ كَانَ مِنَ الْجِنّ﴾ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ الْجِنِّ؛ كَمَا أَنَّ آدَمَ مِنَ الْإِنْسِ؛ وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ الْإِنْسِ , وَتَفْسِيرُ قَتَادَةَ: كَانَ من الْجِنّ قبيل من الْمَلائِكَةِ؛ يُقَالُ لَهُمُ: الْجِنُّ، وَكَانَ عَلَى خَزَانَةِ السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا ﴿فَفَسَقَ عَن أَمر ربه﴾ أَيْ: عَصَى أَمْرَهُ.
قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ: الْفُسُوقُ أَصْلُهُ: الْخُرُوجُ؛ تَقُولُ الْعَرَبُ: فَسَقَتِ الرُّطَبَةُ؛ إِذَا خَرَجَتْ مِنْ قشرها. ﴿أفتتخذونه وَذريته﴾ يَعْنِي: الشَّيَاطِينَ الَّذِينَ دَعَوْهُمْ إِلَى الشّرك ﴿أَوْلِيَاء من دوني﴾. ﴿بئس للظالمين بَدَلا﴾ أَيْ: بِئْسَ مَا اسْتَبْدَلُوا بِعِبَادَةِ رَبهم طَاعَة إِبْلِيس
