"As for the wall, it belonged to two orphan boys in the city, and under it was a treasure belonging to them" (18:82). Al-Hasan and Qatadah said: meaning, wealth. "So your Lord desired that they should reach their maturity" (18:82) up to His saying: "And I did not do it of my own accord" (18:82), meaning: I only did it by the command of Allah. "That is the interpretation of what you could not bear to be patient with" (18:82).
Muhammad said: "Al-ashudd" (maturity/strength) varies. The maturity of a youth is when his physical frame strengthens and he finishes growing; it is said that this is at eighteen years of age. The maturity of a man is reaching middle age, and when his judgment and intellect strengthen, and that is at thirty years of age, and it is said: thirty-eight years of age.
"Rahmatan" (as a mercy) is in the accusative case, meaning: we did that as a mercy. It is also permissible that it is a verbal noun (masdar) in the sense that He had mercy on them through that as a mercy.
Yahya said: It reached me that they did not separate until Allah sent a bird; so it flew to the East.
﴿وَأَمَّا الْجِدَارُ فَكَانَ لِغُلامَيْنِ يَتِيمَيْنِ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ وَكَانَ تَحْتَهُ كَنْزٌ لَهما﴾ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ وَقَتَادَةُ: أَيْ: مَالٌ ﴿فَأَرَادَ رَبُّكَ أَنْ يَبْلُغَا أَشُدَّهُمَا﴾ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَمَا فَعَلْتُهُ عَنْ أَمْرِي﴾ أَيْ: إِنَّمَا فَعَلْتُهُ عَنْ أَمْرِ الله ﴿ذَلِك تَأْوِيل﴾ تَفْسِيرُ ﴿مَا لَمْ تَسْطِعْ عَلَيْهِ صبرا﴾.
قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ: الْأَشُدُّ يَخْتَلِفُ؛ فَأَشُدُّ الْغُلَامِ أَنْ يَشْتَدَّ خَلْقُهُ وَيَتَنَاهَى فِي النَّبَاتِ؛ يُقَالُ: ذَلِكَ ثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً وَأَشُدُّ الرَّجُلِ: الِاكْتِهَالُ، وَأَنْ يَشْتَدَّ رَأْيُهُ وَعَقْلُهُ وَذَلِكَ ثَلَاثُونَ سَنَةً، وَيُقَالُ: ثَمَانٍ وَثَلَاثُونَ سَنَةً.
وَنُصِبَتْ (رَحْمَةً) أَيْ: فَعَلْنَا ذَلِكَ رَحْمَةً، وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَى الْمَصْدَرِ بِمَعْنَى رَحِمَهُمَا بِذَلِكَ رَحْمَةً.
قَالَ يَحْيَى: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُمَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا حَتَّى بَعَثَ اللَّهُ طَائِرًا؛ فَطَارَ إِلَى الْمَشْرِقِ
