"Those whose eyes were under a veil from My remembrance" means: upon their eyes was the covering of disbelief. "And they were not able to hear," meaning: they do not hear the guidance with their hearts.
﴿الَّذِينَ كَانَتْ أَعْيُنُهُمْ فِي غِطَاءٍ عَن ذكري﴾ كَانَتْ عَلَى أَعْيُنِهِمْ غِشَاوَةُ الْكُفْرِ ﴿وَكَانُوا لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ سمعا﴾ أَيْ: لَا يَسْمَعُونَ الْهُدَى بِقُلُوبِهِمْ.