"Permission has been given to those who are being fought because they were wronged." Qatada said: They are the companions of the Prophet of Allah, to whom permission was given to fight after the polytheists had expelled them and treated them harshly, to the point that groups of them fled to Abyssinia.
Muhammad said: "Permission has been given to those who are being fought" to fight. It was also said: It is the first verse that was revealed regarding jihad.
﴿أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقَاتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُوا﴾ قَالَ قَتَادَة: هُم (أَصْحَاب نَبِي الله، أذن لَهُم بِالْقِتَالِ؛ بعد مَا أَخْرَجَهُمُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ، وَشَدَّدُوا عَلَيْهِمْ، حَتَّى لحق طوائف مِنْهُم بالجبشة.
قَالَ مُحَمَّد: أذن) (ل ٢٢٣) لِلَّذِينَ يُقَاتَلُونَ أَنْ يُقَاتِلُوا. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهَا أَوَّلُ آيَةٍ نَزَلَتْ فِي (الْجِهَاد).
