"And you will see every nation" (45:28), meaning: their disbelievers, according to the tafsir of al-Hasan.
"Kneeling" (jathiyah), upon their knees, according to the tafsir of Qatadah. "Every nation will be called to its record" (45:28), meaning: to its reckoning, which is the book the angels recorded against them.
Muhammad said: It is said: 'Jatha fulan' (so-and-so knelt) and 'yajthu' when one sits on his knees. Similar to it is 'jadha yajdhu', and 'jadhu' is more stable than 'jathw', for 'jadhu' is that the person sits on the tips of his toes.
Whoever reads "kullu ummatin" (every nation) in the nominative case (marfu'), raises 'kullu' as an initial (mubtada'), and the predicate (khabar) is "will be called to its record". Whoever reads it in the accusative case (mansub) makes it an appositive (badal) to the first 'kullu'. The meaning is: And you will see every nation "being called to its record".
"Today you are being recompensed" (45:28), meaning: it is said to them: Today you are being recompensed.
Tafsir of Surah al-Jathiyah from verse 29 to verse 31.
﴿وَترى كل أمة﴾ يَعْنِي: كفارها؛ فِي تَفْسِير الْحسن.
﴿جاثية﴾ على الرُّكَب؛ فِي تَفْسِير قَتَادَة ﴿كُلُّ أُمَّةٍ تُدْعَى إِلَى كِتَابِهَا﴾ إِلَى حِسَابهَا، وَهُوَ الْكتاب الَّذِي كتبتْ عَلَيْهِم الْمَلَائِكَة.
قَالَ محمدٌ: يُقَال: جثا فلَان يجثو إِذا جلس على رُكْبَتَيْهِ، وَمثله جَذَا يَجْذُو، والجَذْوُ أشدُّ استقرارًا من الجثو؛ لِأَن الجذوَ أَن يجلس صَاحبه على أَطْرَاف أَصَابِعه.
وَمن قَرَأَ ﴿كلُّ أمةٍ﴾ بِالرَّفْع رفع (كل) بِالِابْتِدَاءِ، وَالْخَبَر ﴿تُدْعَى إِلَى كتابها﴾ وَمن نصب جعله بَدَلا من (كل) الأول، الْمَعْنى: وَترى كل أُمَّةٍ ﴿تُدْعَى إِلَى كِتَابِهَا﴾.
﴿الْيَوْمَ تُجْزونَ﴾ أَي: يُقَال لَهُم: الْيَوْم تُجْزونَ.
تَفْسِير سُورَة الجاثية من الْآيَة ٢٩ إِلَى آيَة ٣١.
