"Indeed, those who pledge allegiance to you are actually pledging allegiance to Allah." Whoever pledges allegiance to the Messenger of Allah is actually pledging allegiance to Allah. This was on the day of al-Hudaybiyyah, and it is the Pledge of Ridwan; they pledged to him that they would not flee. "The hand of Allah is over their hands." In the interpretation of al-Suddi, he says: Allah's action toward them was better than their action regarding the matter of the pledge.
Yahya, from Ibn Lahi'ah, on the day of the pledge to the Messenger of Allah under the tree: "The Messenger of Allah sent Uthman ibn Affan to the Quraysh in Makkah, inviting them to Islam. When he delayed returning to him—meaning: he was slow in returning—the Messenger of Allah thought that Uthman had been betrayed and killed. So he said to his companions: 'I do not think but that Uthman has been betrayed; if they have done so, then they have broken the covenant, so pledge allegiance to me upon steadfastness and that you will not flee.'"
His saying: "Whoever violates [his oath] only violates it to the detriment of his own soul." Meaning: whoever violates—that is, returns—then he only violates it to the detriment of his own soul. "And whoever fulfills what he has covenanted with Allah, He will grant him a great reward," meaning: Paradise.
﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُبَايِعُونَكَ إِنَّمَا يُبَايِعُونَ الله﴾ من بَايع رَسُول الله فَإِنَّمَا يُبَايع اللَّه، وَهَذَا يَوْم الْحُدَيْبِيَة، وَهِي بيعَة الرضْوَان؛ بَايعُوهُ على أَلا يَفروا ﴿يَدُ اللَّهِ فَوق أَيْديهم﴾ تَفْسِير السُّدي يَقُول: فعل اللَّه بهم الْخَيْر أفضل من فعلهم فِي أَمر الْبيعَة.
يَحْيَى: عَنِ ابْن لَهِيعَة (
(ل ٣٣٠)) يَوْم بيعَة رَسُول الله تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ " أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بَعَثَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ إِلَى قُرَيْشٍ بِمَكَّةَ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الإِسْلامِ، فَلَمَّا رَاثَ عَلَيْهِ - أَيْ: أَبْطَأَ عَلَيْهِ - ظن رَسُول الله أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ قَدْ غُدِرَ بِهِ فَقُتِلَ؛ فَقَالَ لأَصْحَابِهِ: إِنِّي لَا أَظُنُّ عُثْمَانَ إِلا قَدْ غُدِرَ بِهِ؛ فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا فَقَدْ نَقَضُوا الْعَهْدَ، فَبَايِعُونِي عَلَى الصَّبْرِ وَأَلا تَفِرُّوا ".
قَوْله: ﴿فَمَنْ نَكَثَ فَإِنَّمَا ينْكث على نَفسه﴾ أَي: فَمن نكث؛ يَعْنِي: يرجع مُحَمَّد فَإِنَّمَا ينْكث على نَفسه ﴿وَمَنْ أَوْفَى بِمَا عَاهَدَ عَلَيْهُ الله فسيؤتيه أجرا عَظِيما﴾ يَعْنِي: الْجنَّة.
